Which of the following ions is required for muscle contraction? a. Hydrogen ions. b. Calcium...
Question:
Which of the following ions is required for muscle contraction?
a. Hydrogen ions.
b. Calcium ions.
c. Sodium ions.
d. None of the above.
Ionic Balance
The ionic balance present in the system is the balance of different ions in the physiological system. The importance of ions in the system can be well defined based on the functions of the ions in the body. These ions play an important role in the process of cellular functions and associated with specific actions in the body. A specific level of ions need to be maintained for the homeostass in the tissue fluid.
Answer and Explanation: 1
Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account
View this answerThe correct answer: The ions which are required for muscle contraction are b. Calcium ions.
The muscle contraction is initiated with the help of...
See full answer below.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:
Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library
Muscle Contraction Steps | How Do Muscles Contract?
from
Chapter 17 / Lesson 6
468K
What happens when a muscle contracts? Learn about the muscle contraction process and the role of the proteins actin and myosin in muscle contraction, as well as the types of muscle contraction and regulatory proteins.
Related to this Question
- Which ion is responsible for muscle contractions within the muscle? A. Sodium B. Calcium C. Potassium D. Chloride E. None of the above
- Which of the following is CORRECT about excitation-contraction coupling? A. In skeletal muscle, it requires the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B. In all three kinds of muscle, it requires an increase of calcium ion in the cytop
- __________ binds to troponin during muscular contraction. a. sodium ions b. calcium ions c. potassium ions d. ATP
- Most of the calcium ions needed for the contraction to occur in cardiac muscle come from _______. (a) the T-tubules (b) the sarcoplasmic reticulum (c) the extracellular fluid.
- Which of the following is CORRECT about excitation-contraction coupling? A. In skeletal muscle, it requires the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B. In all three kinds of muscle, it requires an increase of calcium ion in the cytopla
- Which of the following is correct about excitation-contraction coupling? a. In skeletal muscle, it requires release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. In all three kinds of muscle, it requires an increase of calcium ion in the cytoplasm.
- The ATP solution used in the muscle contraction procedure, contains magnesium ions, which increase the strength of contraction in glycerinated muscle. In living muscle cells., magnesium ions compete with calcium ions for binding sites on troponin molecule
- Which ion causes repolarization of the neuron during an action potential? A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Calcium D. Magnesium
- Would a low calcium diet influence the contraction of a muscle? A. No because sodium is the ion that takes the message into the cell. Calcium is only important for going into the neuron to cause the release of AcH. B. No because sodium is the ion that
- Release of calcium from which of the following structures is the best option for triggering skeletal muscle contraction? a. Myofibrils b. Mitochondria c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum d. T tubules e. None of the answer choices
- Which of the following changes will induce an IPSP in a postsynaptic neuron? a. Influx of calcium ions b. Efflux of potassium ions c. Efflux of chloride ions d. Influx of sodium ions
- The sarcoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber serves as a storage area for which ion? a. Sodium. b. Potassium. c. Chloride. d. Calcium. E. Both A and B are correct.
- Which of the following options is correct? During a muscle contraction, all of the following occur except a. calcium binds to troponin. b. myosin heads bind to actin. c. calcium concentrations in the sarcoplasm (the cytoplasm of the muscle cell) decrease.
- Skeletal muscle contraction will continue to occur as long as the following chemicals are available in the cytosol of the muscle fiber: a) ATP and acetylcholine (ACh) b) Calcium ions and ATP c) ACh and potassium ions d) Sodium ions and ATP e) Calcium and
- Which of the following is an ion that is more concentrated inside the cell than outside? (a) Chloride (b) Calcium (c) Hydrogen (d) Potassium
- When a person runs a marathon, his/her muscles need in order to contract. a. ATP only b. ATP and glucose c. Calcium ions and ATP d. Calcium ions only
- Which of the following does NOT involve calcium? a) release of neurotransmitter at a synapse b) an action potential in cardiac pacemaker cells c) contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber d) movement of bicarbonate ion into the plasma from RBCs
- A cation that is essential of muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting is? a. sodium. b. magnesium. c. potassium. d. calcium. e. selenium.
- Which ion is essential for both excitation-contraction coupling and modulation of contraction strength in cardiac muscle? a. Ca^{2+} b. Cl^- c. Na^+ d. K^+ e. Mg^{2+}
- Which of the following steps would occur first in triggering muscular contraction? a. Acetylcholine binds to cholinergic receptors b. Sodium ions flood in through the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. Calcium ions enter the synaptic bulb d. Neurotransmitters ent
- Which of the following is true concerning the role of Calcium in the contraction of muscle cells? A. skeletal muscle cells require a burst of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B. smooth muscle cells require a burst of calcium from the sarcopl
- Regarding nerve action potentials, which of the following ions is responsible for depolarization of cell membrane? a. Na+ going in b. K+ going out c. Na+ going out d. K+ going in e. None of the above
- Which of the following is the most likely cause for the increase in muscle tension force seen in 'treppe'? a) increase in the amount of calcium ions available within the sarcoplasm of the muscle cell b) increase in the efficiency of muscle cell enzymes c)
- The sarcoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber serves as a storage area for which ion? a) Sodium. b) Potassium. c) Chloride. d) Calcium.
- Which of the following is true about the importance of active transport in skeletal muscle? a. Positive ions diffuse through the neurotransmitter receptor and depolarize the skeletal muscle cell. b. Calcium ions are pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Which of the following options is correct? Myosin contains binding sites for and. a. sodium, calcium. b. troponin, ATP c. ATP, actin. d. actin, calcium.
- Which of the following is true about the importance of active transport in skeletal muscle? a) Positive ions diffuse through the neurotransmitter receptor and depolarize the skeletal muscle cell. b) Calcium ion is pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Which of the following is true about the importance of active transport in skeletal muscles? A. Positive ions diffuse through the neurotransmitter receptor and depolarize the skeletal muscle cells. B. Calcium ion is pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- What ion flows from the extracellular fluid through the ligand-gated channels into the intracellular fluid causing depolarization of the sarcolemma? a. Calcium. b. Potassium. c. Sodium.
- For which of the following is muscle cell contraction not affected by hormones? a. cardiac muscle b. skeletal muscle c. smooth muscle
- Which of the following options is correct? The principal cation in the ICF is A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) chloride.
- In response to action potentials arriving along the releases: A) acetylcholine. B) sodium ions. C) potassium ions. D) calcium ions. E) hydrogen ions.
- In skeletal muscle chemical, gated ion channels bind Ach released by the neuron's terminal into the synapse. What ions move through the Ach gated ion channel in skeletal muscles and how does that affect the membrane potential?
- Which statement about excitation-contraction coupling is incorrect? A) Calcium ion is released from the transverse tubule. B) Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C) Tropomyosin moves to expose myosin binding sites on actin. D) Trop
- Which of the following molecules directly blocks the binding site between actin and myosin? a) calcium ions b) troponin c) myosin ATPase d) tropomyosin
- Which of the following is true concerning the role of Calcium in the contraction of muscle-cells? a) Smooth muscle cells contract in response to an extracellular inward-Calcium-current. b) Skeletal muscle cells contract in response to an extracellular inw
- Which one of the following proteins is important for skeletal muscle contraction but not for smooth muscle contraction? a. Actin. b. Myosin. c. Troponin complex. d. Myosin-adenosine triphosphatase. e. Ca^{2+} - ATPase
- Which of the following causes skeletal muscle relaxation to occur? A) Ca^{++} pump on the SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) B) binding of ATP to myosin
- Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? (a) Potassium (b) Water (c) Urea (d) Sodium chloride (e) Hydrogen ions
- Which of the following options is correct? The sodium/potassium pump transports a. 2 potassium ions out of the cell and 3 sodium ions into the cell. b. 3 potassium ions out of the cell and 2 sodium ions into the cell. c. 2 sodium ions out of the cell and
- Calcium binds which of the following? a. actin b. myosin c. troponin d. tropomyosin
- Which of the following is true about the movement of Na^+ ions across excitable living membranes? (a) Sodium ions always move actively across membranes through leakage channels. (b) Sodium ions always move passively across membranes. (c) Sodium gates
- Which function of the following minerals is not correct? a. Calcium - essential to the coagulation process. b. All of the choices are correct. c. Potassium - needed for action potential conduction. d. Sodium - important in nerve and muscle function. e. Ch
- Which of the following options is correct? Acetylcholine a. binds to troponin molecules. b. binds to calcium ions. c. is stored in synaptic vesicles within the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cell. d. changes the permeability of the sarcolemma to sod
- Fill in the blank: A muscle _________ occurs due to a lack of sufficient ATP required to return calcium ions back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum so muscles can relax.
- ATP is required to pump calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for muscle contraction. Describe this process.
- Which of the following types of channels return calcium ions to the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells? a. Voltage-gated calcium channels b. Ligand-gated calcium channels c. Leak calcium channels d. Ca^{2+}/H^+ active transport channels
- Which of the following options is correct? Electrical synapses require a. voltage-gated Ca^{2+} (calcium) channels. b. ligand-gated receptor-channels. c. All of the above d. None of the above
- The concentration of calcium ions in the extracellular fluid is regulated primarily by a hormone secreted by the _______. | hydrogen ions | bases | thirst | metabolic water | acids | urination | carbonic anhydrase | cell membrane | collecting duct | bica
- Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is incorrect? a. Cardiac muscle forms an electrically coupled mass called a syncytium. b. Much of the calcium necessary for contraction comes from outside the cell. c. In cardiac muscles, the T-
- Which of the following is a role for ATP in skeletal muscle contraction? A. to allow calcium to move from its storage site into the muscle cell's cytoplasm B. to allow myosin to detach from actin C. to allow calcium to move back into the ECF D. to allow t
- Which of the following terms describes a type of contraction in which the muscle builds tension but does not shorten? a. twitch b. isometric contraction c. recruitment d. tetany e. isotonic contraction
- Calcium is stored: A. in the t0tubule of the muscle cell B. in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cell C. in the endomysium of the muscle cell D. within the I band of a sarcomere
- Which of the following options is correct? Sodium-potassium pumps a. never pump ions. b. continuously pumps ions. c. pump ions only during action potentials. d. pump ions only during the rest period.
- Identify which protein binds calcium for a muscle contraction to occur. A. Actin B. Myosin C. Tropomyosin D. Troponin
- Which of the following statements are true of muscle physiology? a. The unit of contraction of a muscle fiber is the sarcomere b. Acetylcholine is the transmitter at the skeletal muscle neuromuscular junctions c. The contracting proteins in a sarcomere a
- Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via Ca2+ channels during excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. What additional protein is needed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum for completion of the contraction cycle?
- Which steps in the muscles contraction require ATP?
- Which of the following does NOT contribute to the resting membrane potential of neurons? a Negatively charged proteins inside the neuron. b. Potassium flow through leak channels. c. The sodium/potassium pump. d. Higher concentration of potassium ions
- Which of the following is true concerning the role of calcium in the concentration of muscle cells? A. Smooth muscle cells contract in response to an extracellular inward-Calcium current. B. Skeletal muscle cells contract in response to an extracellula
- Which of the following chemicals are moved by active transport by parietal cells? Check all that apply. a. Water b. Chloride ions c. Carbon dioxide d. Hydrogen ions e. Bicarbonate ions
- What energizes the myosin head? a. Calcium ions. b. Splitting of ATP into ADP. c. Phosphorylation of ADP. d. Potassium ions. e. The actin filaments.
- This part of the skeletal muscle cell releases calcium when stimulated by the T tubules. a) Sarcomeres. b) Sarcoplasmic reticulum. c) Sarcolemma. d) Sarcoplasm. e) Myofibrils.
- Calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a skeletal muscle cell are classified as a) voltage-gated channels b) ligand-gated channels c) leak channels d) None of the above
- A transverse (T) tubule: a. stores sodium ions b. forms from inward extensions of the sarcolemma c. stores calcium ions d. is made of contractile proteins
- Which Of the following ions has a higher concentration in fluid than in extracellular fluid (ECF)?
- Identify the following: L-type calcium channels in the muscle cell membrane (activated upon depolarization) that couple depolarization signal to release calcium.
- Which of the following describes the sodium-potassium pump? A. It is a transmembrane protein. B. It is an ATPase. C. It is an ion channel. D. A and B only. E. A, B, and C.
- Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells: a. attach to each other via desmosomes b. are striated c. produce tetanic contractions d. all of the above
- The influx of which ions accounts for the plateau phase during cardiomyocytes action potential? a. chloride b. sodium c. potassium d. calcium
- Why would blocking the function of voltage-gated calcium channels at the neuromuscular junction prevent muscle contraction? a. the release of acetylcholine would inhibited b. all of the choices are correct c. sodium ions would not bind to troponin on th
- In smooth muscle, the majority of the calcium ions come from _. A. the extracellular fluid B. dense bodies C. multiunit D. calmodulin E. varicosities F. single-unit G. myosin light chain kinase
- Identify the following: The ion responsible for depolarizing the muscle membrane by traveling through the nACh receptor, down its electrochemical gradient.
- During skeletal muscle contraction, there is an increased amount of calcium released into the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscle cells. a. What organelle stores calcium in muscle cells? b. Describe the events that must occur in the muscle cell before calcium i
- Other than ATP, what muscle components are necessary for muscle contraction? Explain the role of each component.
- Which of the following is true of mineral use in the body? A. Iron (Fe) is important to oxygen storage and transport. B. Calcium (Ca) plays a role in the intercellular regulation of contraction. C. Sodium (Na) is important to osmotic balances between ICF
- The spontaneous action potential established in cardiac contractile cells is highly dependent on which of the following? A. The sodium ion, Na^+. B. The potassium ion, K^+. C. The calcium ion, Ca^{2+}. D. Various voltage-gated ion channels. E. All of
- What are extracellular ions? What are the really important ones?
- Fill in the blanks: The is/are particularly abundant in muscle cells for regulating calcium ion concentrations.
- The ion concentration of ______ is low in the extracellular fluids; the ion concentration of _____ is low in the cytoplasm. a. Potassium; sodium b. Calcium; potassium c. Sodium; magnesium d. Calcium; hydroxide e. Sodium; chloride
- Which of the following options is correct? refer to muscle contractions that produce a shortening muscle with a constant contraction strength at a given load. a. Treppe contractions b. Isotonic contractions c. Twitch contractions d. Isometric contractions
- Depolarization of the T tubule is directly linked to the opening of Ca2+ channels to the sarcoplasmic reticulum of: a. Skeletal muscle b. Cardiac muscle c. Smooth muscle d. Only a and c are true e. All of the above are true
- Calcium is an important factor in the process of muscle contraction. It is stored in the and causes the release of the neurotransmitter. When the calcium is reabsorbed into the, the muscle cell.
- Which of the following vitamins can not be stored in the body? a. iron b. potassium c. chloride d. calcium e. sodium
- Depolarization is caused by a rapid inward: a. sodium current b. potassium current c. chloride current d. hydrogen current e. none of the above are correct
- Depolarization is caused by a rapid inward: a. Sodium current. b. Potassium current. c. Chloride current. d. Hydrogen current. e. None of the above is correct.
- A transverse tubule O stores sodium ions O forms form inward extensions of the sarcolemma O stores calcium ions O is made of contractile proteins
- To which ion is the resting cell membrane most permeable? Na+ or K+? Therefore, _____ is the major ion contributing to resting membrane potential.
- Which of the following options is correct? The Ca^{2+} required for skeletal muscle contraction a. is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. b. enters the cell due to the opening of voltage regulated Ca^{2+} channels from the T tubules. c. is actively
- Which of the following is not found in the cell membrane of axons? (Select all that apply.) a. Voltage-gated sodium channels b. Voltage-gated calcium channels c. Voltage-gated potassium channels d. ACh-gated sodium channels e. Acetylcholine esterase f. Ac
- In skeletal muscle, the neuromuscular junction contains calcium channels. They are present in the: A. presynaptic membrane B. postsynaptic membrane C. both A and B
- Which of the following options is correct? The movement of the troponin-tropomyosin complex requires a. ATP b. Ca^{2+}. c. acetylcholine. d. Na^+
- A sarcomere is? (a) cytoplasm within skeletal muscle (b) cell membrane in muscle fibers (c) contraction unit within the skeletal muscle fiber (d) the anisotropic within the muscle fiber (e) none.
- Hyponatremia is caused by a deficiency of _______. (a) potassium (b) sodium (c) calcium (d) magnesium.
- Which of the following substances is never secreted by the nephron? a. uric acid b. drug metabolites c. hydrogen ions d. potassium ions e. glucose
- Which of the following options is correct? A cell that is myogenic a. is a muscle cell. b. can contract without neural input. c. cannot receive neural input. d. Both a and b e. All of the above
- Which of the following is the major extracellular electrolyte? a.) Na b.) S c.) K d.) P e.) O
- Place the following events of muscle excitation in the correct order. 1. ion channels on the sarcolemma open and sodium ions enter the muscle fiber 2. the entry of sodium ions into the muscle fiber depolarizes the sarcolemma locally 3. acetylcholine is
- Voltage-gated sodium channels are sensitive to changes in the extracellular concentration of A. potassium ions. B. proteins. C. sodium ions. D. chloride ions. E. calcium ions.
- The Na+/K+ pumps 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell per transport cycle resulting in a net _____ charge inside the cell at rest. a. neutral b. negative c. positive d. None of the above
Explore our homework questions and answers library
Browse
by subject