The purpose of randomized pricing is to reduce: a) Consumer price information only. b) Competitor...
Question:
The purpose of randomized pricing is to reduce:
a) Consumer price information only.
b) Competitor price information only.
c) Both consumer and competitor information about price.
d) The firm's pricing inflexibility.
Pricing Strategy:
Pricing strategy is the approach a firm uses to set the price of its products in order to maximize profits. when determining a pricing strategy, a business should consider factors like production and distribution expenses, target client base, and competitors offerings.
Answer and Explanation: 1
The answer to this question is:
c. Both consumer and competitor information about price.
Randomized pricing refers to a pricing technique in which a company deliberately varies its prices so as to conceal price information from consumers as well as rival businesses. Random changing of the price makes it difficult for competitors and consumers to learn about the pricing method of the firm.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:

from
Chapter 12 / Lesson 11Learn about pricing strategies. Understand what pricing models are, identify the different types of pricing strategies, and see examples of pricing strategies.
Related to this Question
- A strategy in which a firm intentionally varies its price in an attempt to "hide" price information from consumers and rivals is called: A. Randomized pricing B. Peak-load pricing C. Third-degree pric
- Does the Consumer Price Index take into account manufacturers reducing the amount of a product, while keeping the price the same?
- Does price matching keep consumer prices lower or higher than prices would have been without price matching?
- The firms practice menu pricing because: A) They cannot distinguish different consumers and menu pricing allows the consumers to self select the appropriate price. B) They have complete information about the individual valuation of the consumers for the p
- Two-part pricing offers a mechanism whereby the firm can: A. capture some or all of the consumer surplus. B. charge two different prices to distinct groups of customers. C. reduce some of its fixed
- Product prices give consumers and businesses a lot of information besides just the price. What kind of information?
- If a firm is practicing third-degree price discrimination and is charging a price of $8 per unit to consumers in Group A and a price of $10 to consumers in Group B, which of the following is true? a. Group A consumers have a lower price elasticity than G
- If consumers have limited information about price and search costs exist, then [{Blank}].
- Third Degree price discrimination requires A. that consumers with different price elasticities can be segregated into separate groups. B. that there is no ability for customers to resell the lower-priced products to high priced customers. C. that the firm
- A lack of consumer information about products, prices, or quality can result in: a. consumers buying too much or too little of the product than if they were fully informed. b. a negative amount of deadweight loss for firms. c. consumers demanding the corr
- A consumer plots an indifference map between two products A and B, and marks in points to show the combinations of A and B that the consumer would buy if the price of A changed but the price of B remained the same. The consumer then plots a line through t
- For price discrimination, would taking the average of the price for each tier be the same as splitting the consumer surplus into seperate tiers?
- A consumer might respond to a negative incentive because it could be a chance to: a. purchase a very popular item. b. avoid additional charges. c. buy a good at a cheap price. d. take advantage of a sale.
- One method of price discrimination for firms is the use of coupons and rebates. Firms are basically allowing consumers to self-identify their respective price elasticities of demand for a product. Des
- A perfectly competitive seller is A. both a price maker and a price taker. B. neither a price maker nor a price taker. C. a price taker. D. a price maker.
- Price discrimination is the: a. Refusal by a firm to sell to all customers, b. Selling of a given product at more than one price when the price differences reflect cost differences, c. Pricing of a product so that not everyone can afford it, d. Selling of
- Arbitrage is: A. buying a product at a lower price than is typically possible B. charging higher prices to some customers and lower prices to other customers C. buying a product in one market at a low price and reselling it in another market at a higher p
- An increase in the price of beef provides: a. information that tells consumers to buy more beef b. information that tells consumers to buy less pork c. information that tells producers to produce more beef d. no information because prices in a market syst
- Consumers express self-interest when they A. seek the lowest price for a product. B. reduce business losses. C. collect economic profits. D. exclude others in their thinking.
- _________ is a new product pricing strategy that results in a high initial product price. This is reduced over time as demand at the higher price is satisfied. a) Prestige pricing b) Price lining c) Skimming d) Incremental pricing e) None of the
- The amount of profit that can be achieved using uniform pricing is {Blank} the profit that can be achieved from price discrimination because {Blank}. \\ Select one: \\ a. greater than; the cost of trying to determine every single consumer's individual d
- The substitution bias in the consumer price index refers to the: (a) substitution by consumers toward new goods and away from old goods. (b) substitution by consumers toward a smaller number of high-quality goods and away from a larger number of low-quali
- Key Concept: Consumer Price Index Bias As the price of gasoline rose during the 1970s, consumers cut back on their use of gasoline relative to other consumer goods. This situation contributed to which bias in the consumer price index? a. Substitution bias
- The following graph shows a portion of a consumer's indifference map. The consumer faces the budget line LZ, and the price of X is $15? a. The consumer's income = $ b. The price of Y is s c. The e
- Consumers understandably like lower prices, but they should understand there is a great difference between a lower price produced by government price ceiling and a lower price that comes about through normal market channels, one benefits the consumer, the
- A consumer must divide $600 between the consumption of product X and product Y. The relevant market prices are P_X = $10 and P_Y = $40. a. Write the equation for the consumer's budget line. b. Show how the consumer's opportunity set changes when the price
- Price discrimination refers to: a. selling a given product for different prices at two different points in time. b. any price above that which is equal to a minimum average total cost. c. the selling of a given product at different prices to different cus
- The consumer price index: a. tracks the value of output over time. b. is not tied to cost-of-living adjustments. c. doubles every five years in the economy. d. is a weighted average of consumer prices. e. is a broader price index measure than the implicit
- An approach to analyzing consumer behavior in which consumer reaction to different prices is analyzed in a laboratory situation or a test market is called: A) focus groups. B) price experiments. C) non-price experiments. D) none of the above.
- An approach to analyzing consumer behavior in which consumer reaction to different prices is analyzed in a laboratory situation or a test market is called: a. non-price experiments. b. focus groups. c. price experiments. d. none of the above.
- One practice that competitive companies use is price discrimination, where one group of customers pays a different price than another customer group. One of the early examples was car makers charging different prices in different countries. Give another e
- Each customer has a different sensitivity to prices. In an economist's perfect world, firms would know each sensitivity and price accordingly. This is not the real world. How can (i.e. what methods might be used) a firm gather information about their cust
- Identify the price supporting method that the consumers favor least.
- Arbitrage in markets os the practice of: a) a buyer purchasing a good at one price and reselling it at a different price b) a seller acquiring strategic information about another seller's revenue an
- Give some examples of third-degree price discrimination. Can third-degree price discrimination be effective if the different groups of consumers have different levels of demand but the same price elasticities?
- Due to price discrimination of second and third degree, social welfare is reduced since it creates deadweight loss. Though, consumers are offered price according to their paying capacity. In maximum cases, consumers surplus/ welfare falls by how much?
- 11. A consumer has $400 in income, the price of food is $1 and the price of Y is $1. Also, the consumer has $100 in SNAP benefits that can only be used for food. BCno S is her budget constraint with n
- When a firm charges each customer the maximum price that the customer is willing to pay, the firm: a) engages in a discrete pricing strategy. b) charges the average reservation price. c) engages in second-degree price discrimination. d) engages in firs
- When a firm charges each customer the maximum price that the customer is willing to pay, the firm: a) engages in a discrete pricing strategy. b) charges the average reservation price. c) engages in second-degree price discrimination. d) engages in first-d
- Assume that there are two goods (X and Y). The price of X is $2 per unit, and the price of Y is $1 per unit. There are two consumers ( A and B). The utility functions for the consumers are: for consumer A: U (X,Y)= X^.5Y^.5 and for consumer B: U(X,Y)=X^.8
- When a firm price discriminates, it looks as though it is doing its customers a favor by offering low prices to some of them. At times some firms are charging the highest possible price for each unit that it sells and making the largest possible profit. D
- Arbitrage in markets is the practice of: A- a buyer purchasing a good at one price and reselling it at a different price. B- a seller acquiring strategic information about another seller's revenue a
- A consumer has a utility function U(X, Y) = X^{1/4}Y^{3/4}. The consumer has $24 to spend and the prices of the goods are P_X = $2 and P_Y = $3. Note that MU_X = (1/4)X^{-3/4}Y^{3/4} and MU_Y = (3/4)X^{1/4}Y^{-1/4}. Draw the consumer's budget constraint a
- Given an individual's current consumption patterns, we know that the person is consuming in such a manner that he is maximizing his satisfaction. Given a decrease in the price of one of the goods he normally purchases, what will happen to the consumer's t
- Does the value of the wholesale price index also influence the value calculated under the consumer price index?
- Consumers benefit from advertising: A) only when they gain information. B) if the advertising is not persuasive. C) because it leads to lower prices for some products. D) only when the advertising is being used as a signal.
- ____ is the amount that consumers plan to buy during a particular time or period, at a particular price.
- Suppose that there are two goods (X and Y). The price of X is $2 per unit, and the price of Y is $1 per unit. There are two consumers ( A and B). The utility functions for the consumers are: for consumer A: U (X,Y)= X^.5Y^.5 and for consumer B: U(X,Y)=X^.
- A consumer has utility function U(x, y) = min{x, y}. She has $150 and the price of x and the price of y are both 1. The consumer is thinking of accepting a job in a different town, in which the price
- Market prices adjusted to consider differences between social cost-benefit and private cost-benefit calculations are: a. price distortions. b. consumer surplus. c. shadow prices. d. exchange rates.
- The practice of the only seller in a market charging a price less than the monopoly price in order to scare away potential entrants is called A. trigger pricing. B. agile pricing. C. limit pricing. D. collusive pricing.
- Given the following information, calculate the cost to consumers, the benefit to producers, the change in government revenue, and the deadweight costs of a proposed 20 percent tariff on personal computers. Price of computers (free trade) $2,000 Domestic
- To engage in price discrimination, it is necessary that a. a seller be a price searcher. b. there be no arbitrage. c. a seller incur different costs for servicing different customers. d. a and b e. all of the above
- The simplest pricing method is ________. a. going-rate and sealed-bid pricing b. cost-plus pricing c. break-even analysis d. target return pricing e. value-based pricing
- A price floor is a: A. legally established minimum price that can be charged for a good. B. legally established maximum price that can be charged for a good. C. minimum price that is in fact charged in a competitive market. D. maximum price that is in fac
- Which of the following is true about the consumer price index? A) It assumes that consumers purchase the same amount of each product in the market basket each month. B) It accounts for people switching to goods whose prices have fallen. C) It frequently u
- According to the law of one price A. price discrimination based on race and ethnicity is illegal. B. firms will charge the same price to all customers due to transaction costs. C. identical product
- Answer the question on the basis of the following cost data for a purely competitive seller. Refer to the data. If the product price is $75, the firm will produce {Blank}.
- Consider three consumers. All three buy bread (B) and Cheese (C), and no other goods. The price of bread is $1 per loaf and the price of cheese is $2 per pound. Each consumer has a weekly budget of $60. Given the information below, find the utility-maximi
- A firm has an opportunity of price discrimination if following is met: a) Requires that the firm has some control over the price of its product, b) The firm must have different consumer groups, c) The firm's products are not easily resold, d)All of the ab
- A consumer 's tastes are represented by U = cb, with MU_b = c and MU_c = b. There is a move from prices p_b = 2 and p_c = 2 to prices p_b' = 4 and p_c' = 4. The income is I = 20. Show the consumer's initial optimal consumption bundle and new optimal consu
- When prices rise, people shift consumption to another competitor or some other alternatives. Match the concept and definition with the choices below. A) When prices fall, people choose to buy more. B) Substitution C) Persons will buy more at every price.
- "Double marginalization": a. Can lead to higher prices in the downstream market to consumers b. Occurs when upstream firms mark-up wholesale prices, which downstream firms subsequently mark-up again c. Can be solved using two-part tariffs d. All of the ab
- As the price of gasoline rose during the 1970s, consumers cut back on their use of gasoline relative to other consumer goods. This situation contributed to which bias in the consumer price index? a. Substitution bias b. Quality bias c. Indexing bias d. Tr
- Market power is the power to: A. control prices B. gain another firm's customers C. reduce price below cost to deter entry D. control output
- Customers at garage sales often pay a lower price if they ask for one (that is, if they reveal that they are prepared to haggle). Explain why this is considered price discrimination. Which consumers would be worse off and which consumers would be better o
- Prospect theory implies that consumers are motivated by: a. The actual price level b. The distance of the price from the reference price c. All of the above. d. None of the above.
- The Consumer Price Index: a. measures price changes in all goods, not just a market basket of select items. b. allows for the change in purchasing patterns that result from changes in relative prices. c. is a fixed quantity price index. d. measures the ra
- When a firm requires a customer to buy additional products in order to buy one of its products, this is known as a(n): a) bundling contract. b) price differentiation. c) oligopolistic device. d) two-part tariff. e) maximizing device.
- Suppose a business knows that they are going to sell less of their product if they charge more. Discuss whether it is a better risk to continue with the current price and risk a small loss in the background which would allow them to keep their customers,
- A news story states that "DVDs lose their appeal as consumers switch to online streaming for movies." In a competitive market for DVDs, this situation would lead to a(n) A. increase in the price and the quantity sold of DVDs. B. decrease in the price and
- Grocery store chains often set consumer-specific prices by issuing frequent buyer cards to willing customers and collecting information about their purchases. Grocery chains can use that data to offer customized discount coupons to individuals. a. Which t
- According to the figure below, if the price of X is $5, what combination of X and Y will a utility-maximizing consumer choose? a. 80X, 20Y, b. 120X, 620Y, c. 120 X, 250Y, d. 200 X, 620Y, e. None of the above.
- A utility function is U(x, y) = min {x, y2}. If the price of x is $25, the price of y is $10, and consumer chooses 5 units of y. How much is the consumer's income?
- Some Internet retailers track whether their customers have recently visited popular price-comparison sites. To maximize profit, Internet retailers: a. offer the product to customers who visit price-comparison sites at a higher price. b. offer the product
- Multiple Choice: 1. What type(s) of cost can be included as menu costs? a) Analyzing consumer reaction. b) Changing price labels. c) Analyzing market competition. d) All of the above.
- A utility function is U(x,y) = min(x,y^2). If the price of x is $25, the price of y is $10, and consumer chooses 5 units of y. How much is the consumer's income?
- In a pure market economy, which of the following is a function of the price? I. Provides information to sellers and buyers. II. Provides incentives to sellers and buyers. a. I only. b. II only. c. Both I and II. d. Neither I nor II.
- $2.98 is an example of: a. typical pricing. b. markup pricing. c. odd pricing. d. margin pricing.
- Price discrimination occurs when: a. a firm charges the same price to different customers for the same product. b. a firm prices differently based on the ethnic group in which customers reside. c. a firm charges different prices to different customers for
- Interbank trading is conducted directly between [{Blank}] or through the use of [{Blank}] that provide anonymity until the trade is complete and reduce search costs. a. Traders; brokers, b. Brokers; traders, c. Individual consumers; the government, d. Ind
- _____ are commodities that have two characteristics: rivalry in consumption and excludability. A. Private goods B. Public Goods C. Risk Assessment D. Profit maximization
- A consumer's preferences can be represented by the utility function U(X,Y) = Min (2X,Y). The consumer has $300 to spend and the price of Good X is PX = $2 and the price of Good Y is PY = $5. If the consumer maximizes their utility subject to their budget
- Agglomeration refers to: a) a consumer's choice to consume a narrower set of products than the variety available due to international trade. b) a foreign firm's sale of a product in a domestic country at a price lower than the domestic market price. c) th
- According to behavioral economics, advertising works because it: a. provides useful information that improves consumers' ability to make decisions. b. exploits the self-serving bias. c. exploits the recognition heuristic. d. quickly communicates price cha
- The (blank) is the value added to raw commodities throughout various stages of the food system, or the difference between the price the farmer receives and the price the consumers pay. (a) Food manufacturers (b) Food distributors (c) Food retailers (d) Fo
- If a firm could practice perfect price discrimination, it would: a. charge a price based on the quantity of a product bought b. charge every buyer a different price c. use odd pricing d. allow resale
- Consumer protection laws might result in _______. (a) low prices of products and services (b) fewer unwanted promotional calls (c) sale of goods and services to the consumers through coercion (d) monopolization of the market.
- Use the information below to calculate the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the inflation rate for the kingdom of Ruritania. The base year is 1960. Assume consumers only buy the items listed here. All p
- Consider a consumer allocating a budget of $ 100 between two goods, X and Y. The price of X is $ 10 per unit and the price of Y is $ 5 per unit. (a) In a diagram show how the consumer's budget constr
- Identify the response below that correctly describes the term Data other than certified cost or pricing data A. All facts that prudent buyers and sellers would reasonably expect to affect price negotiations significantly and are factual, not judgmental, a
- Price discrimination exists when a firm sells ________ goods at more than one price to ________ groups of customers. A. different; similar B. existing; distinct C. discounted; large D. identical; different E. limited; restricted
- A legislated maximum price in a market is also known as a: a) market-clearing price. b) price floor. c) profit-limiting price. d) price ceiling.