Start at full-employment __(FE)__ equilibrium with flexible wages and worker misperception of...
Question:
Start at full-employment (FE) equilibrium with flexible wages and worker misperception of price level changes in the short run. Suppose then that we have an increase in Aggregate Demand. First, think about the short-run effects on price level (P), output level (Q), wage level (W), employment (L), and unemployment (U)? In the long run, once workers realize that there was a change in the price level, they will change the supply curve of labor. When all subsequent wage and price adjustments take place, we will be in a new long-run equilibrium. From the original full-employment (FE) equilibrium to the final one, what is the net change in the price level (P), output level (Q), unemployment (U), and the real wage (W/P)?
a) No change in P, no change in Q, an increase in U, and no change in W/P,
b) No change in P, an increase in Q, an increase in U, and an increase in W/P,
c) An increase in P, an increase in Q, no change in U, and a decrease in W/P,
d) An increase in P, no change in Q, no change in U, and no change in W/P,
e) An increase in P, no change in Q, an increase in U, and no change in W/P.
Long-run Economics:
Many economists argue that the government doesn't need to intervene in the economy during a recession or boom as it is self-correcting. Wages may be sticky, but workers will eventually see that the prices level has changed and adjust the supply of labor accordingly.
Answer and Explanation: 1
Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account
View this answerAnswer: D
In the long-run, workers will adjust their supply curve of labor and any excess demand or supply of labor is eliminated. Further, the real...
See full answer below.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:

from
Chapter 7 / Lesson 3Understand the aggregate demand-aggregate supply model and its features. Read more about the curve shifts of this and learn the AD-AS model through an example.
Related to this Question
- The short-run aggregate supply curve is positively sloped because: -of diminishing returns to labor. -workers care about nominal wages, not real wages. -wages are sticky or don't readily adjust to
- Consider a perfectly competitive labor market with an upward shopping supply curve, a downward sloping demand curve, and where wages and prices are completely flexible. A) Imagine that the real wage i
- If the demand for labor increases, there will be a A) shortage of workers, and the equilibrium wage will fall. B) shortage of workers, and the equilibrium wage will rise. C) surplus of workers, and the equilibrium wage will fall. D) surplus of workers
- If wages are below the wage level that causes supply to equal demand, then there is: A. excess supply for labor B. excess demand for labor C. a market equilibrium D. unemployment
- If a minimum wage is imposed, initially (before employers can change the non-wage components of the employment contract), the result will be: a. An equilibrium established in the labor market, b. A shortage of labor, c. A surplus of labor, d. All of the a
- The demand for labor falls if: A. labor productivity falls. B. the price of the good produced by labor rises. C. the price of a complementary input falls. D. demand for the good produced by labor rises. E. a minimum wage is removed from the labor market.
- If the wage rate rises, then the firm's long-run marginal costs change which in turn affects the firm's output level and its employment of labor. This phenomenon is known as the: a. substitution effect. b. the scale effect. c. the regressive-factor effe
- If the demand for unskilled labor were inelastic, an increase in the minimum wage would (increase/decrease) the total wage payments to unskilled workers.
- If a minimum wage law is passed imposing a price floor above the equilibrium price of unskilled labor: a. The demand for unskilled labor will decrease. b. The quantity of unskilled labor supplied wi
- Suppose the aggregate price level has decreased, but workers did not notice this initially. Suppose the supply curve of labor initially looked as follows. According to our self-correcting model, once workers notice that the aggregate price level has decre
- Suppose a perfectly competitive firm, which is initially in long-run equilibrium, experiences a decrease in the wages it must pay its employees. In the short run, which of the following will occur? A. ATC will shift down and MC will shift up, causing the
- When labor demand shifts left at the start of a recession, the ultimate impact on employment and GDP will be: A. negative, and larger if wages are fairly rigid. B. positive, and smaller if wages are very flexible. C. positive, and larger if wages are very
- In a competitive labor market, an increase in the equilibrium wage rate could result from: a. a decrease in the demand for labor. b. an increase in the supply of labor. c. an increase in the demand for labor. d. a decrease in the number of workers represe
- A minimum wage that is set below a market's equilibrium wage will result in A. an excess demand for labor, that is, unemployment. B. an excess demand for labor, that is, a shortage of workers. C. an excess supply of labor, that is, unemployment. D. None o
- At low wages, the labor supply curve for most people slopes upward because: A. as wages increase, income also increases unless hours worked decrease. B. the demand for labor is perfectly elastic at low wages. C. as wages increase, the opportunity cost of
- Efficiency wages are set: a. above the equilibrium wage and create a shortage of labor b. above the equilibrium wage and create a surplus of labor c. below the equilibrium wage and create a shortage of labor d. below the equilibrium wage and create a surp
- In the short run, prices may rise faster than costs do. Supposing that labor and management agree to adjust wages continuously for any changes in the price level, how would such adjustments affect the
- If the labor demand curve shifts to the left and the labor supply curve remains unchanged, what will happen to the equilibrium wage and the equilibrium level of employment?
- In a competitive labor market, imposing a minimum wage (above the market equilibrium) should reduce the level of employment. Will this also be true if the labor market is a monopsony. Imposing a minimum wage will Blank (Not Affect, Increase Or Decrease)
- Suppose the level of unionization of American workers increases which leads to higher pay, would that shift the aggregate demand curve or aggregate supply curve or both?
- Consider the labor market. Begin with the labor market equilibrium. Now, suppose, there is an increase in the size of the labor force. It will cause employment to A. increase. B. decrease. C. remain unchanged. D. be indeterminate.
- Suppose a minimum wage is set at a level above the equilibrium wage. Which of the following describes the unemployment created that is associated with movement along the demand curve for labor? a. workers who used to work, but are laid off b. individuals
- Through the natural adjustment process; A. Labour market puts pressure on wages, causing the Aggregate Supply curve to shift. B. Labour market puts pressure on wages, causing the Aggregate Demand curve to shift. C. Unemployment puts pressure on wages, ca
- Consider a labor market in equilibrium. If both the demand curve and supply curve of labor shift to the right, then the number of workers hired in the market will: A) increase B) decrease C) remain unchanged D) either increase or decrease or remain unchan
- Suppose the U.S. economy is operating at full employment. A decrease in other input costs, everything else held constant, will cause _____ in the aggregate price level in the short run and _____ in re
- If an increase in the government-imposed minimum wage pushes the price (wage) of unskilled labor above market equilibrium, which of the following will most likely occur in the unskilled labor market? a. an increase in demand for unskilled labor b. a decre
- Assume that the aggregate labor market is such that the labor demand curve is upward sloping and steeper than the labor supply curve. If pessimistic expectations are widespread among workers in an economy with this type of labor market: a. real wages will
- Wage rigidity: a) Forces labor demand to equal labor supply, b) Is caused by sectoral shifts, c) Prevents labor demand and labor supply from reaching the equilibrium level, d) Increases the rate of job finding.
- Suppose a stock market boom raises people's wealth. In a competitive labor market, how will this change the equilibrium real wage and level of employment?
- A rise in the real wage rate: a. shifts the labor supply curve leftward. b. does not shift the labor demand or labor supply curve. c. shifts the labor demand curve rightward. d. shifts the labor demand curve leftward.
- In a competitive labor market, if the supply of labor decreases, how will the equilibrium wage rate and employment change? a) Wage Rate: Increase; Employment: Increase b) Wage Rate: Increase; Employment: Decrease c) Wage Rate: Decrease; Employment: Increa
- An increase in the minimum wage will tend to cause which of the following to occur? a. A leftward shift in the demand for labor b. A reduction in the unemployment rate c. An increase in the size of the surplus of labor d. A rightward shift in the suppl
- An increase in the minimum wage will tend to cause which of the following to occur? A. a leftward shift in the demand for labor B. a reduction in the unemployment rate C. a rightward shift in the supply of labor D. an increase in the size of the surplus o
- When a minimum wage is set above the equilibrium wage rate, a) unemployment decreases. b) job search activity decreases. c) the supply of workers decreases. d) unemployment increases. e) the supply of workers increases.
- Suppose that workers in one industry cannot be quickly retrained for the other. How would these shifts in demand affect equilibrium wages in the short run? Wages in the auto industry Wages in the aircraft industry
- The compensate labor supply curve: A)will always be vertical B)will always be upward sloping C)will always be downward sloping D)reflects both the income and substitution effects of wage changes
- Consider the labor market. Begin with the labor market in equilibrium. Now, suppose, there is an increase in the productivity of labor. It will cause employment to A. increase. B. decrease. C. remain unchanged. D. be Indeterminate.
- Suppose a minimum wage is set at a level above the equilibrium wage. Which of the following describes the unemployment created that is associated with movement along the supply curve of labor? a. workers who used to work, but no longer can find employment
- Unemployment that is a result of a wage above the equilibrium wages is A. a surplus of workers B. a market clearing wage C. an example of a price ceiling D. a shortage of workers
- One of the initial effects (before employers can adjust the non-wage components of the employment contract) of a minimum-wage law is: a) A reduction in quantity of labor demanded, b) An increase in the number of people wanting to work at the minimum wag
- If the minimum wage law sets a wage floor above the equilibrium wage in the unskilled labor market, a. the minimum wage will create a surplus of labor. b. the minimum wage will create a shortage of la
- When the minimum wage is above the equilibrium wage, what occurs? a. There will be a shortage of labor. b. There will be no effect on the number of people employed. c. There will be an increase in the unemployment rate. d. There will be a decrease in the
- Consider a competitive labor market. The likely consequence of a binding minimum wage in this labor market is: a. a labor shortage. b. a lower wage for all individuals. c. a higher wage for all individuals. d. excess demand for workers. e. unemployment.
- The short-run demand for labor is downward sloping because the marginal product of labor (MPL) A. increases when we employ more workers, because we employ more capital. B B. is falling when we employ more workers because the capital stock remains constant
- Suppose the wage rates of workers are based on the expected price level. If there is an unexpected increase in AD, it will cause the actual price level to increase. Then workers should raise their expected price level and negotiate a higher wage rate. The
- Suppose that labor supply is given by E=300w and labor demand is given by E=10,000-200w. A. What is the market equilibrium wage and employment? B. A $10 per unit of labor tax is imposed. Use the tax wedge formula to solve for the wage employers pay, the w
- Consider a labor market equilibrium in which employment is 100,000 workers, the wage rate is $10/hour, supply elasticity is 2.0, and the demand elasticity is 4.0. Use this data to calculate the impact of imposing an $11/hour minimum wage on (a) employment
- Suppose that in a competitive output market, firms hire labor from a competitive labor market. If the supply of this kind of labor decreases, we would expect which of the following regarding the equilibrium wage, w, and the equilibrium quantity of labor,
- According to the rational expectations theory, a) sticky prices and wages are the primary source of short-run unemployment. b) only unanticipated policy changes can affect output and employment. c) the economy always self-corrects to full employment wi
- For a minimum wage to have any impact on a labor market, it must be set at a level: a. higher than the equilibrium wage. b. higher than MPP. c. higher than MRP. d. consistent with economic growth.
- The intersection between labor supply and labor demand determines the equilibrium wage and the equilibrium level of employment. Why might some firms pay workers a wage above the market equilibrium, ev
- Assume that a country experiences a reduction in productivity that shifts the labor demand curve downward and to the left. If the real wage were rigid, this would lead to: a) No change in the real wage and a rise in unemployment, b) No change in the real
- If the minimum wage raises the market wage, w, but hours worked, L, fall as a result, total wage payment, W*L, may rise or fall. Use a supply and demand curve to show that either outcome is possible d
- If the labor supply curve shifts to the right and the labor demand curve remains unchanged, what will happen to the equilibrium wage and the equilibrium level of employment? 1) Graph a new labor supply curve that has shifted to the right as described abov
- When wages increase, will the typical person work more or less? Explain your answer using microeconomic theory. (Note: The substitution and income effects for leisure demand are an important part of this discussion. You may have to do some outside researc
- The demand for labor is a downward sloping demand curve because A. wages for workers decline as the number of workers hired rises. B. the Law of Diminishing Returns implies that wages fall as more workers are hired. C. the Law of Diminishing Returns does
- An increase in the marginal productivity of labor will tend to: a. shift the labor supply curve rightward if the change is temporary. b. result in an increase in employment if the change is temporary. c. result in an increase in employment if the change
- Suppose the wage decreases. What effect will this have on a worker's labor supply? The substitution effect of a wage decrease causes the worker to supply _ quantity of labor. The income effect of a wa
- Using the Wage Setting and Price Setting relations, graphically illustrate and explain the effects of a reduction in the minimum wage on the equilibrium real wage and the natural rate of unemployment.
- Do higher wages shift the Aggregate Demand Curve?
- An increase in the minimum wage will cause? A) a reduction in the real equilibrium wage. B) an increase in the natural rate of unemployment. C) an increase in the real equilibrium wage. D) a decrease in the natural rate of unemployment. E) no change
- If, as a result of a plague, the equilibrium wage level has risen, one can conclude that: A. the plague has imposed no costs on society B. supply of labor has decreased more than demand for labor C. demand for labor has increased more than supply of labo
- Suppose the government decides the equilibrium wage for steel workers is too low, thus sets a minimum wage that is higher. Using supply and demand analysis, this minimum wage will result in a. increased employment of steel workers. b. increased unemployme
- Suppose workers and firms expect the overall price level to increase by 4%. Given this information, we would expect that? A) the real wage will decrease by 4%. B) the real wage will increase by 4%. C) the nominal wage will increase by less than 4%. D)
- A backward-bending labor supply curve implies that: a. The substitution effect of the change in the wage dominates the income effect at lower wage rates but not at higher wage rates. b. The substituti
- Assume that the economy depicted in Panel (a) of the Exhibit is in short-run equilibrium with AD_1 and SRAS_1. If the economy is left to correct itself: a. real wages will fall as long as employment remains above the natural level. b. lower wages will res
- A binding minimum wage: a. can lead to a surplus of labor, b. can lead to a shortage of labor, c. has no effect on the quantity of labor demanded or the quantity of labor supplied, d. causes only temporary unemployment, since the market will adjust and el
- A primary conclusion of new classical economics is: A) wages and prices are inflexible downward. B) there is no short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation. C) a free market economy can operate at less than full employment for long periods of ti
- An increase in the minimum wage will cause a. a reduction in the natural rate of unemployment. b. an increase in the equilibrium real wage. c. a reduction in the equilibrium real wage.
- What occurs in the labor market when the prevailing wage (price) exceeds the equilibrium wage (price)? a) Unemployment rises b) A shortage occurs c) A surplus arises d) Unemployment falls
- 1. A wage higher than the market wage paid by a firm in order to increase worker productivity is A. a compensating differential B. the idea behind the minimum wage C. an efficiency wage D. is a de
- Other things being equal, a decrease in the demand for labor in manufacturing will a. have no effect on either the equilibrium wage or the equilibrium quantity of labor supplied in manufacturing. b. increase the equilibrium wage but decrease the equilibri
- The long-run aggregate supply curve uses the classical assumption that all variables are [{Blank}] in the long run and that long-run equilibrium occurs at [{Blank}]. a. flexible; full employment, b. fixed; full employment, c. flexible; less than full empl
- The classical view of economics describes how 1) increases in the wage rate cause unemployment 2) sticky prices create profit opportunities for firms in the short run 3) prices and wages adjust immead
- Suppose the government announces that the tax rate on labor income will rise in the future. In a competitive labor market, how will this change the equilibrium real wage and level of employment?
- For a given labor supply, would the potential unemployment impact of an increase in the minimum wage be greater in the case of elastic or inelastic demand for labor? Explain.
- In a monopsony model of a labor market, as more labor is hired, the marginal factor cost of labor: a. rises. b. is constant. c. is zero. d. decreases.
- Assume that a country experiences a reduction in productivity that shifts the labor demand curve downward and to the left. If the labor market were always in equilibrium, this would lead to: a) A lower real wage and a rise in unemployment, b) A lower real
- Consider the perfectly competitive labor market with labor demand L^D = 100 - 2W and labor supply L^S = 20 + 2Q. Suppose the government implemented a minimum wage of $25. What is the impact on average wages and unemployment? Show your complete solution.
- A monopsonist faces a market labor supply curve w=20+L where w is wage rate and L is the number of workers employed. If the firm's labor demand curve is w=200-4L, what is the optimal wage rate and qu
- In a small rural Pennsylvania town, the aggregate labor supply curve is given by LS = -20 + 5w and the aggregate labor demand by LD = 180 - 5w, where w is the hourly wage rate. Calculate the equilibrium level of employment.
- If the imposition of a binding minimum wage results in much higher unemployment among workers seeking minimum wage jobs,: a) firms will respond by demanding more labor. b) labor demand is relatively elastic. c) labor demand is relatively inelastic. d) tho
- If a monopsony labor market suddenly were transformed into a perfectly competitive labor market, how would the wage and employment change? A. Both would increase. B. Both would decrease. C. The wage would remain constant, but employment would increase. D.
- An increase in the marginal tax rate, with the average tax rate held constant, will: a. increase the amount of labor supplied at any real wage. b. not affect the amount of labor supplied at any real wage. c. decrease the amount of labor supplied at any re
- If there is a surplus in labor, what is a possible result? A. unemployment may be low B. wages paid would increase C. wages paid would decrease D. wages would be at equilibrium
- For a monopsony, the marginal cost of labor curve lies above the labor supply curve because: a) to hire one more unit of labor requires that the firm offer a lower wage. b) to hire one more unit of labor requires that the wage be raised for just the las
- The labor supply and demand curves for an economy are given by: Ld = 200 - 0.5(W/P), Ls = 20 + 2(W/P). If there are no impediments to labor market equilibrium, what are the real wage and level of emp
- After hiring 10 units of labor, afirm determines the wage to be 25 and the MRP to be 10, the profit maximizing firm should: (explain) a. decrease the use of labor b. increase the use of labor c. conti
- Opponents of the "Fight for $15" movement that seeks to increase the minimum wage argue that minimum wages set above the market equilibrium A. result in upper-level management lay-offs. B. increase the demand for skilled labor. C. decrease the quantity of
- State two ways the labor supply curve shifts to the right. Explain how each way impacts the equilibrium wage, equilibrium full employment, total output, productivity, and standard of living in the eco
- When a perfectly competitive labor market is in equilibrium: A. everyone who wants to work has the opportunity to do so. B. individual firms face downward sloping labor demand curves. C. unemployment can reach as high as 10-15 percent. D. individual firms
- Why might the rate at which the aggregate supply curve shifts vertically upward increase when an economy produces beyond full employment? (Hint: Think about the effect of very low unemployment rates on the balance of bargaining power between employers and
- As a firm's labor costs rise, the firm should mitigate the cost increase by substituting away from labor. What does this mean, in regard to increase in minimum wages?
- If a binding minimum wage were now imposed: Question 2 options: A.) The wage rate would decrease. B.) Fewer workers would be hired. C.)There would be a labor surplus D.)There would be a labor shortage
- 1. As the wage rate increases, a. the demand for labor decreases b. the demand for labor increases c. the quantity demanded for labor decreases d. the quantity demanded for labor increases 2. Monopoli
- Assume that the government imposed a price floor on wages (minimum wage) in order to make sure that workers can earn a living wage. Is this a price floor? What are the economic implications of this action in the labor markets? Use graphs as needed and exp
- A 10% increase in the wage induces Alan to increase his desired work hours by 2%. Over this range of wages, Alan's wage elasticity of labor supply is: a) elastic b) inelastic c) unit elastic d) negative
- Initially the market for labor is in equilibrium, and then laborers suddenly are willing to work more hours. In that case, what happens to the equilibrium wage? and the quantity of workers employed? a
- Refer to the diagram and assume that prices and wages are flexible both upward and downward in the economy. In the extended AD-AS model, a. Recession would involve a rightward shift of curve D, followed by leftward shifts of curves A and C. b. Recession w
- It is commonly argued that the individual labor supply curve should be backward bending: at low wages, an increase in the wage results in an increase in work hours, but at high wages an increase in the wage results in a decrease in work hours. Using the c