Parathyroid hormone (PTH) A. stimulates osteoclasts to digest bone. B. inactivates vitamin D. C....
Question:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A. stimulates osteoclasts to digest bone.
B. inactivates vitamin D.
C. decreases the absorption of calcium in the kidneys.
D. is secreted by the adrenal glands.
Hormone:
Hormones serve as 'chemical messengers'. These substances are secreted into the blood directly and get transported to their target organs through the blood itself. Hormones control both physiological and behavioral aspects of organisms.
Answer and Explanation: 1
Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account
View this answerA
The parathyroid hormone facilitates a process called bone resorption. It involves the desiccation of bones by stimulating osteoclasts to release...
See full answer below.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:

from
Chapter 12 / Lesson 6Parathyroid glands are endocrine glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid glands play a vital role in regulating the minerals calcium and phosphorous in the body. Learn about the structure of parathyroid glands, and the role these glands play in regulating calcium, phosphorus, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the body.
Related to this Question
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH): a. inactivates vitamin D. b. stimulates osteoclasts to digest bone. c. decreases the absorption of calcium in the kidneys. d. is secreted by the adrenal glands.
- If calcitonin is stimulated and secreted into the blood, then: A) intestinal absorption of calcium is decreased. B) vitamin D is activated. C) kidney reabsorption of calcium is increased. D) osteoclasts are stimulated to break down bone.
- Calcitonin: A) is synthesized by the parathyroid glands. B) acts primarily on osteoblasts. C) decreases blood Ca^{2+} levels. D) acts synergistically with calcitriol. E) acts permissively with PTH.
- Which hormone promotes osteoclasts that breakdown bone matter and transfer calcium ions and phosphate plasma, stimulates the kidney for reabsorption of calcium ions and produce more 1,25-(OH)2D?
- When the levels of calcium in the blood drop below normal: a. Parathyroid hormone secretion increases. b. Parathyroid hormone secretion decreases. c. Osteoclast activity increases. d. Both A and C. e. Both B and C.
- When blood calcium level drops below optimal, which hormone causes calcium to be released from bone into the bloodstream? A. Boniva B. Estrogen C. Calcitonin D. PTH (parathyroid hormone)
- Parathyroid gland a) Structure that regulates blood calcium levels b) Production is induced by the nervous system c) Stimulates uterine contractions in labor d) Raises blood glucose levels e) Reduces blood calcium levels
- The hormone that decreases the plasma calcium concentration is _______. A. thyroxine B. triiodothyronine C. calcitonin D. parathyroid hormone E. none of these
- In addition to regulating body fluids and electrolytes, the kidneys function in maintaining bone calcium levels by A. activating vitamin D. B. excreting bicarbonate. C. stimulating bone marrow. D. synthesizing erythropoietin.
- The hormones _______ and _______ promote bone formation (bone density): A. estrogen, calcitonin B. calcitonin, parathyroid hormone C. parathyroid hormone, estrogen D. FSH, parathyroid hormone E. none of the above
- Which hormone is most active in facilitating absorption of Calcium from the GI tract? A. Calcitonin. B. Insulin. C. Parathyroid hormone. D. Vitamin D. E. Growth Hormone.
- {Blank} causes the release of calcium from the bone matrix thus increasing blood calcium level, while {Blank} stimulates the deposition of calcium in the bone thus decreasing the blood calcium level. A) calcitonin, glucagon B) parathyroid hormone, calcit
- How are calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D involved in maintaining blood calcium levels?
- A hormone that increases the number and activity of osteoclasts is: a. human growth hormone. b. testosterone c. calcitonin d. parathyroid hormone e. calcitriol
- The hormone calcitonin is released from the thyroid gland in response to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood. If this hormone is controlled by negative feedback, what effect would calcitonin have on blood calcium levels?
- The __________ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system. A. thyroid gland B. pancreas C. adrenal gland D. parathyroid gland E. thymus
- All of the following are effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) except: a. promotes increased activity of osteoblasts. b. promotes increased activity of osteoclasts. c. promotes formation of calcitriol. d. promotes elimination of phosphate in urine. e. prom
- Which of the following is true of calcium metabolism? a) Calcitonin causes a rise in plasma calcium. b) Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually asymptomatic. c) Vitamin D is secreted by the parathyroid glands. d) Oliguria is a symptom of hypercalcemia.
- Fill in the blanks: The parafollicular, or C cells, of the ___________ gland produce ___________, a peptide hormone that lowers plasma calcium levels.
- Erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys, ___________. a. initiates clotting. b. directs the transport of T lymphocytes to the thymus gland. c. speed the maturation of red blood cells in the bone marrow. d. stimulates the differentiation of B lymphocytes i
- An effect of mechanical stress on bone is to promote greater secretion of the hormone: a. parathyroid hormone (PTH) b. insulin c. human growth hormone d. testosterone e. calcitonin
- Two specific hormones control our extracellular Calcium concentration. One of these hormones, Calcitonin, causes "bone deposition"; the other hormone, PTH, causes "bone resorption". So, which of the following dysfunctions would lead to the development o
- Two specific hormones control our extracellular Calcium concentration. One of these hormones, Calcitonin, causes "bone deposition"; the other hormone, PTH, causes "bone resorption". So, which of the following dysfunctions would lead to the development of
- Parathyroid hormone stimulates ______. A. follicular cell activity B. osteoblast activity C. osteoclast activity D. fibroblast activity E. basal metabolic rate
- Calcitonin a) Structure that regulates blood calcium levels b) Production is induced by the nervous system c) Stimulates uterine contractions in labor d) Raises blood glucose levels e) Reduces blood calcium levels
- Calcium levels in Mr. Gallariani's blood are dropping to dangerously low levels. The hormone PTH is released and soon blood calcium levels begin to rise. Shortly after, PTH release slows. Is this an example of a positive or negative feedback mechanism? Wh
- What is the function of the parathyroid hormone? a. Regulates metabolism of body cells b. Conserves water at the kidney tubules c. Regulates blood calcium levels d. Regulates blood pressure e. Regulates the menstrual cycle
- The __________ gland produces the parathyroid hormone. A. Anterior Pituitary B. Posterior Pituitary C. Adrenal Medulla D. Parathyroid
- There are two hormones that control calcium levels in the blood. The control of calcium levels is important for both men and women. a. How does PTH work to regulate calcium blood levels? b. How does calcitonin work to regulate calcium blood levels?
- Describe two ways in which the parathyroid gland increases calcium in the blood (include where it occurs).
- A diaphysis is thickened by what of the following? a. increased secretion of calcium salts by osteoclasts b. activity of osteocytes in the medullary cavity c. increased activity of the epiphyseal plate d. adding blood vessels and nerves e. appositional gr
- 1. A person suffersThe parathyroid gland produces which hormone that helps to regulate the amount of what in the blood? A) PTH; sodium B) PTH; calcium C) Calcitonin; sodium D) Calcitonin; calcium some slight damage to the part of the brain which provides
- The levels of blood calcium lead to a release of a hormone. This is ______. (a) humoral control (b) hormonal control (c) neural control (d) None of these.
- An increase in the level of parathyroid hormone would be expected to have which, if any, of the following effects? a. Increased activity of osteoblasts. b. A decrease in excretion of phosphate by the kidneys. c. A decrease in the activity of osteoclast
- Which of the following increases blood calcium levels? A) aldosterone B) antidiuretic hormone C) atrial natriuretic peptide D) parathyroid hormone
- Parathyroid hormone: (a) What triggers its release? (b) The specific part (s) of a nephron it affects and how?
- Aldosterone (a) is released by the posterior pituitary (b) is an androgen (c) secretion is stimulated by an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (d) is an enzyme that converts epinephrine to norepinephrine (e) increases sodium reabsorption.
- In order to maintain homeostasis, parathyroid hormones would stimulate what response to lower blood calcium levels?
- Which of the following pairings is/are correct? a. bone remodeling: occurs via hormonal mechanisms that control blood calcium homeostasis and gravitational forces b. blood calcium homeostasis: maintained by PTH and calcitonin, PTH has a bigger role c. PTH
- Calcium enters a depolarized axon terminal and binds with __________, a protein on synaptic vesicles that facilitates exocytosis. A. acetylcholine B. SNAREs C. acetylcholinesterase D. choline E. synaptotagmin.
- For the parathyroid hormone (in humans) what is the: 1. origin (gland that secretes the hormone) 2. action of the hormone 3. source of control (how is the hormone regulated)
- If calcium levels are low, cAMP activity increases which leads to synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone. cAMP acts as a(n): A. enzyme B. phosphorylating agent C. ligand D. second messenger
- The hormone aldosterone: A. causes the kidneys increase water reabsorption B. causes an increase in NA+ reabsorption from the distal tubule and collecting diet C. is produced in the medulla of the adrenal glands D. is responsible for maintaining the pH of
- Maintenance of calcium ion homeostasis is critical to neurological, cardiac and skeletal muscle function. Consider the roles of two hormones involved in the regulation of the concentration of calcium ions in the blood. Parathyroid hormone increases the co
- Increases in the amount of cytoplasmic calcium required to initiate a muscle contraction are mediated by the coupling between a on the T tubule and a on the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. a. dihydropyridine receptor; calcium pump b. dihydropyridi
- The hormone that regulates water excretion by the kidneys a. decreases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. b. increases water permeability in only certain portions of the kidney tubules. c. decreases water permeability in only certain por
- In order for vitamin D to be actively formed, which of the following actions is required in the body? a. Chemical conversion in the liver and kidney to its active form b. Increased fluid intake to maintain homeostasis c. Increased calcium levels stimulat
- Which hormone works to increase blood calcium levels? a. Parathyroid b. Thymosin c. Calcitonin d. Glucagon
- 1) What triggers the release of the Parathyroid hormone? 2) Which specific part(s) of a nephron does it affect and how?
- Consider the following hormone: Parathyroid hormone. What are the physiological effect/s associated with this hormone that is/are unrelated to its metabolic actions? Also, what is the major effect of this hormone on nutrients and minerals (use ''+'' for s
- Hormones, such as parathyroid hormone, a) respond to the calcium levels in the blood b) respond to sodium levels in the blood c) respond to potassium levels in the blood d) respond to calcium levels in the blood
- The concentration of calcium ions in the blood is regulated by two antagonistic hormones. What are they, what endocrine gland produces them, and what are their effects?
- Glucagon a) Structure that regulates blood calcium levels b) Production is induced by the nervous system c) Stimulates uterine contractions in labor d) Raises blood glucose levels e) Reduces blood calcium levels
- Renin promotes formation of angiotensin ll. What affect does angiotensin Il have on the following? Blood vessels, adrenal cortex zona glomerulosa cells
- When the kidneys own blood supply decreases, they release .... which leads to secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
- The secretion of the parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the______. A. hypothalamus B. plasma calcium concentration C. thyroid gland D. anterior pituitary gland E. posterior pituitary gland
- Renin secretion by juxtaglomerular cells is: a) increased due to increased pressure in the afferent arteriole b) decreased by increased renal sympathetic nerve activity c) increased by increased flow pass the macula densa cells d) increased by a drop in b
- Sodium reabsorption in the DC and the cortical portion of the collection system is increased by secretion of: A. ADH B. Reran C. Erythropoietin D. Aldosterone
- Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the __________ and the __________. A. adrenal glands; intestines B. liver; kidneys C. blood; kidneys D. liver; spleen E. spleen; kidneys
- Hormones that help regulate blood calcium levels are produced by the.
- What is the function of the hormone secreted by the pineal gland? (a) It stimulates the testes and ovaries. (b) It is involved in setting biological rhythms. (c) It causes retention and bone deposition of calcium. (d) It regulates salt and water balance i
- The __________ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia. A. thymus B. thyroid gland C. parathyroid glands D. pineal gland E. pituitary gland
- Oxytocin a) Structure that regulates blood calcium levels b) Production is induced by the nervous system c) Stimulates uterine contractions in labor d) Raises blood glucose levels e) Reduces blood calcium levels
- Aldosterone: a) is released by the posterior pituitary gland b) decreases sodium reabsorption c) secretion is stimulated by an increase in blood pressure d) is an enzyme that converts angiotensin into angiotensin II e) secretion increases in response to a
- Sodium reabsorption in the DCT and the cortical portion of the collection system is increased by secretion of: A. ADH B. Renin C. Erythropoietin D. Aldosterone
- Describe how homeostasis of ionic Calcium is maintained by the hormones. In your answer, include 1. signal for release of the PTH and Calcitonin, 2. mechanisms of action and 3. effect of the hormones on the target organ systems.
- The adrenal cortex secretion that controls sodium and water re absorption by the kidneys is a. cortisol b. epinephrine c. aldosterone d. norepinephrine e. adrenocofiicotropic hormone
- Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in ______. (a) producing thyroid hormone (b) water balance (c) intercellular signaling in muscles and nerves (d) supporting the hemoglobin molecule (e) maintaining the cell membrane.
- Growth hormone (a) signals the hypothalamus to produce a releasing hormone (b) is regulated mainly by calcium level (c) is a catabolic hormone (d) stimulates metabolic rate (e) stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factors
- Identify the following: A hormone secreted by the thymus which stimulates the red bone marrow to produce T-cells.
- The adrenal cortex hormone that influences metabolism and immunity is the ______. (a) adrenal medulla (b) adrenal gland (c) adrenal cortex (d) cortisol (e) gonads.
- List the hormone/s produced or secreted by the following gland: Parathyroid.
- How do bone cells respond to the hormones involved in the homeostasis of blood calcium ion concentration?
- What endocrine gland(s) is(are) responsible for increasing the blood calcium levels? Select one: a. The thymus gland b. The pituitary gland c. The parathyroid glands d. The hypothalamus e. The adrenal glands
- A hormone that stimulates gastric glands to secrete pepsinogen is: a) secretin b) GIP c) gastrin d) cholecystokinin (CCK) e) substance P
- An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery secretion that is high in bicarbonate ion (and thus quite alkaline) is: a. enterocrinin. b. secretin. c. cholecystokinin. d. GIP. e. gastrin.
- Adrenal glands are composite organs of: A. Mesoderm producing epinephrine and neural crest cells producing catecholamines. B. Adrenocortical tissue from mesoderm and chromaffin tissue from neural crest cells. C. Ectoderm producing steroids and endoderm pr
- Oxytocin and ADH are produced by the __________ and stored in the __________. (a) adenohypophysis; kidneys. (b) adrenal cortex; adrenal medulla. (c) posterior pituitary; anterior pituitary. (d) hypothalamus; neurohypophysis. (e) anterior pituitary; thyroi
- An IPSP is inhibitory because: A. it hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. B. it reduces the amount of neurotransmitters released by the presynaptic terminal. C. it prevents calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal. D. it changes the action potenti
- This hormone decreases blood sugar: Beta (B) cells produce it. A. Glucagon B. Insulin C. Growth Hormone D. Parathyroid Hormone
- A hormone released in the small intestine that stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes and the gallbladder to release bile is known as ________. A) gastrin B) vasoactive intestinal peptide C) cholecystokinin D) secretin.
- Fill in the blank: The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex primarily produces the hormone ___________, which acts on the ___________ (organ) to increase _____ (electrolyte) reabsorption.
- Fill in the blanks: Growth hormone, secreted by the _____ _______ gland, stimulates the growth of bones and muscle by activating intermediary proteins called ________________.
- The endocrine system a. affects only the reproductive system b. releases hormones into the bloodstream c. competes with the nervous system d. is made up primarily of glands with ducts
- How is urine affected when parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted?
- When ligands specifically interact with intracellular receptors, the end result is most often: a. an increase in calcium ions in the cytoplasm b. a change in gene expression c. the release of the G-protein d. an increase in the production of second messen
- What factors regulate the output of parathyroid hormone? What are the possible effects of parathyroid dysfunction?
- The adrenal cortex secretion that controls sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys is a. cortisol b. epinephrine c. aldosterone d. norepinephrine e. adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Bone constantly remodels and redistributes its matrix along k=lines of: a. blood flow b. nervous stimulation c. canaliculi d. mechanical stress e. overlying muscles
- What is erythropoietin? a. A drug that causes bone marrow suppression b. A chemical that promotes white cell production c. A recombinant product that stimulates platelet growth d. A renal hormone that stimulates the growth of RBC
- Which of the following hormones is known to increase the activity of the sodium potassium ATPase pump? a. Cortisol. b. Aldosterone. c. Estrogen. d. PTH.
- Describe the factors stimulating the release of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone and each of their functions.
- The endocrine system: a. affects only the reproductive system. b. releases hormones into the bloodstream. c. is made up primarily of glands with ducts. d. competes with the nervous system.
- What structure secretes parathyroid hormone and where is it located? What does this hormone do?
- The _____ consists of two pairs of small disks of endocrine cells, one pair on each side of the thyroid gland. It releases a hormone that helps regulate calcium ion concentration in the blood.
- Which hormone is released from the pituitary in an effort to promote water retention at the kidneys? a. melatonin b. atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) c. aldosterone d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Dopamine in high doses influences mainly the: a) Alpha-adrenoreceptors (leads to peripheral vasoconstriction) b) Dopamine's receptors (leads to vasodilation of renal and mesenteric vessels) c) Beta-1 adrenoreceptors (leads to enhancing of cardiac outpu
- The activation of parasympathetic nervous system division of the autonomic nervous systems causes a(n) in calcium and potassium currents in cardiac muscles. (a) Increase (b) Decrease