Fill in the blank: These integral transmembrane transport/enzyme protein molecular complexes are...
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Fill in the blank:
These integral transmembrane transport/enzyme protein molecular complexes are responsible for creating ATPs with the use of a proton gradient across a thylakoid or mesosomal membrane in both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation is _____?
Electron Transport Chain
Is a process facilitated by protein complexes ans enzymes wherein electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors via reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions which simultaenously pump proton in the form of hydrogen ions (H+) across a semi-permeable membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the oxidative phosphorylation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to be used as energy in cellular processes.
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ATP Synthase: Definition, Structure & Function
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Chapter 9 / Lesson 11
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What is ATP synthase? Learn the ATP synthase definition and see its characteristics and various properties. See common ATP synthase types and examples.
Related to this Question
- Fill in the blanks: The electron transport chain creates a(n) _____, which dissipates through an enzyme called _____. (protons, NADH, electron gradient, ADP, FADH2, ATP, ATP synthase, water, proton gradient, electrons)
- Fill in the blanks: As the _____ move through the transport chain, _____ move through membrane proteins from the matrix to the intermembrane compartment. (protons, NADH, electron gradient, ADP, FADH2, ATP, ATP synthase, water, proton gradient, electrons)
- Fill in the blanks: At the end of the electron transport chain, _____ bind to oxygen, forming _____. (protons, NADH, electron gradient, ADP, FADH2, ATP, ATP synthase, water, proton gradient, electrons)
- Fill in the blanks: As _____ move through this enzyme, phosphate is added to _____, forming _____. (protons, NADH, electron gradient, ADP, FADH2, ATP, ATP synthase, water, proton gradient, electrons)
- During oxidative phosphorylation, the energy of the proton gradient is released by the exergonic movement of protons across the inner mitochondria membrane through (a) NADH (b) Th ATP synthase protein (c) Cytochrome proteins (d) O_2 (e) All of the above
- Fill in the blanks: A molecule generated in both glycolysis and Krebs cycle, called _____, donates _____ to the first protein in the electron transport chain. (protons, NADH, electron gradient, ADP, FADH2, ATP, ATP synthase, water, proton gradient, elect
- A proton gradient is established across the thylakoid membrane when protons diffuse from [{Blank}]. a. inner thylakoid space to stroma b. grana to thylakoid lumen c. thylakoid space to thylakoid lumen d. stroma to, thylakoid lumen e. cytoplasm to chl
- Chemiosmosis of H^+ ions accumulate: a. inside the chloroplast. b. near the outer membrane. c. in the stroma. d. in the thylakoid space. e. on the thylakoid membrane.
- Synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is driven by the energy from a) sunlight b) movement of Proton (H^+) down the concentration gradient across the membrane. c) the transfer of phosphate to ADP d) oxidation of glucose.
- Fill in the blanks: In oxidative phosphorylation by the electron transport chain in mitochondria , one molecule of NADH produces [{Blank}] molecules of ATP, and one molecule of FADH2 produces [{Blank}] molecules of ATP.
- During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced. What provides the energy for this production using ATP synthase? a. Acetyl-CoA b. Oxygen c. The proton gradient established by the Electron Transport Chain. d. Pyruvate
- Fill in the blank: Hydrogen ions flow out of the thylakoid compartments.
- ATP synthase: a. is a protein involved in the last step of oxidative phosphorylation. b. is found in the inner membrane of mitochondria. c. uses a concentration gradient of protons to synthesize ATP. d. all of the above.
- What is the main biochemical function of the electron transport chain? 1) To break down glucose into pyruvic acids 2) To add phosphate groups to ATP 3) To move protons across the mitochondrial membrane 4) To force hydrogen ions through ATP synthase 5) All
- What is the main biochemical function of the electron transport chain? a. To break down glucose into pyruvic acids b. To add phosphate groups to ATP c. To move protons across the mitochondrial membrane d. To force hydrogen ions through ATP synthase e. All
- During photophosphorylation, the electron transport chain moves protons into the a. cytoplasm b. matrix c. stroma d. thylakoid intermembrane space e. none of the above
- The electron transport chain of photophosphorylation: A. pumps protons out of the thylakoid interior. B. transfers electrons from PS I to PS II. C. establishes a proton gradient. D. All of the above.
- In cellular respiration, the electron transport chain of proteins passes electrons but also pumps what into the intermembrane space, where it accumulates and then falls down through ATP synthase, using the energy of the proton motive force to make ATP?
- Oxidative phosphorylation uses which of the following for energy production: (select all that apply) 1. electrons from NADH 2. membrane-associated electron transport chain 3. an ATP synthase 4. phosphoenolpyruvate 5. a proton motive force
- What is the main biochemical function of the electron transport chain? A. To break down glucose into pyruvic acids. B. To add phosphate groups to ''ATP'' To move protons across the mitochondrial membrane. C. To force hydrogen ions through ''ATP'' synth
- Briefly describe how oxidative phosphorylation occurs via the electron transport chain, chemiosmotic gradient, proton motive force, and ATP synthase.
- ATP synthase exploits a proton gradient to produce ATP. How is the proton gradient established? A. Water is hydrolyzed to oxygen and protons in the electron transport chain B. Energy released by the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 causes protons to diffu
- Both mitochondria and chloroplasts: A. obtain electrons from water. B. are surrounded by a single membrane. C. release oxygen as a by-product. D. use chemiosmosis to produce ATP. E. use a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to produce ATP. F. reduce NAD+,
- During the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP is produced when hydrogen ions move a. down a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma. b. against a concentration gradient from the thylakoid space to the stroma. c. down a concent
- What is chemiosmosis and how does the H gradient help produce ATP? What happens in the electron transport chain and what protein complexes are used (name them and their position in the mitochondria)?
- In both photosynthesis and respiration, a hydrogen ion gradient is produced and then used to produce ATP through the action of transport/enzyme proteins. This overall process is called what?
- The electron transport chain uses the transfer of __ between protein complexes to set up a proton gradient. a. electrons b. ADP c. neutrons d. protons e. ATP
- High energy electrons from Photosystem I are passed to which of the following to be passed out of the Photosystem? a) NADP Reductase b) ATP Synthase c) NADP+ d) P700 e) the Electron Transport Chain Cytochrome Complex.
- Fill in the blank 1. In enzyme structure, the active site fits the... 2. The ETS utilizes... phosphorylation for the production of ATP. 3. Conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid would be called... 4. The structures which carry electrons in the ETS are
- Protons from electron transport will amass in the A. stroma B. intermembrane space C. matrix D. thylakoid lumen
- What is the function of the proton gradient in the mitochondrion? A. It is chemical energy that drives the synthesis of proteins. B. It is kinetic energy that interconverts O2 and H2O. C. It is potential energy that can power ATP synthesis. D. It is p
- In the chloroplasts of green plants the photosynthetic electron transport chain does all of the following except: a. take place in the thylakoid b. establish a gradient by pumping protons into the thylakoid space c. produce O2 d. Use NADH as an electro
- The enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ATP is \\ A. ATP-ase. B. cytochrome C. C. NADPH. D. ATP synthase.
- Protons in a chloroplast flow through an ATP synthase from the _______. a. Cytoplasm to the intermembrane space. b. Stroma to the intermembrane space. c. Thylakoid lumen to the stroma. d. Stroma to the thylakoid lumen. e. Intermembrane space to t
- During cellular respiration the H+ gradient required for the generation of ATP through chemiosmosis is established by: A. pumping H+ from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. B. pumping H+ from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. C. pu
- Consists of electron transport chain that generates an H+ gradient and chemiosmosis that uses that gradient to generate ATP a) oxidative phosphorylation b) citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) c) pyruvate (essentially the same as pyruvic a
- The enzyme that forms a transmembrane channel in mitochondria and phosphorylates ADP: a. a carrier protein. b. ATP synthase. c. acetyl CoA.
- The functioning of ATP synthase requires a proton gradient. What process forms the proton gradient?
- Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation? a. the transfer of electrons in redox reactions b. the breakdown of ATP to ADP c. the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor d. oxidat
- When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the A. formation of ATP B. reduction of NAD+ C. restoration of the Na+/K+ across the membrane D. creationof proton-mot
- What of the following generates the proton-motive force during oxidative phosphorylation? (a) Buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I (b) Movement of H^+ ions across the mitochondrial membrane during electron transport (c) Rotation of the ATP
- In _________, electrons that have been energized by light contribute their energy to add phosphate to ADP, producing ATP. (a) crassulacean acid metabolism (b) the Calvin cycle (c) photorespiration (d) C4 pathways (e) photophosphorylation
- In the electron transport in the mitochondria, which steps contribute to the formation of the proton gradient across the membrane? Consider both movement of protons across the membrane and reactions that remove protons from the matrix synthesis of water (
- The synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria occurs by A) Transport of electrons to ATP synthase by coenzyme Q. B) An excess proton concentration across a membrane. C) Proton driven conformational changes in ATP synthase. D) Direct coupling to NADH reduction.
- Under aerobic conditions, the free energy which is released from the catabolism of glucose goes (a) First to ATP, then to NADH, then to a proton gradient (b) First to a proton gradient, then to ATP, then to NADH (c) First to a proton gradient, then to
- Fill in the blank. ATP is produced in the citric acid cycle by the process of _______ phosphorylation.
- In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is generated from the potential energy created by: a. the breakdown of glucose b. the breakdown of pyrvuate c. photons from sunlight d. an electrochemical gradient
- Fill in the blanks: At the same time, a molecule generated only in the Krebs cycle, called _____, donates _____ to the second protein in the electron transport chain. (protons, NADH, electron gradient, ADP, FADH2, ATP, ATP synthase, water, proton gradien
- The enzyme that produces ATP from ADP+P in the thylakoid is a. RuBP carboxylase. b. G3P. c. ATPase d. ATP synthase. e. coenzyme A.
- Fill in the blank. Protons reenter the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase in the process called ________.
- Which of the following description of ATP synthase is not correct? I. It is a membrane integral protein. II. It is found in the mitochondria. III. It is an active H^+ transporter. IV. It converts ADP to ATP. V. It utilizes NADH and FADH_2 as a substrate.
- Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation? (a) The transfer of electrons in redox reactions (b) The breakdown of ATP to ADP (c) The rotation of the ATP synthase rotor
- The following processes use electron transfer chains and H^+ gradients to generate ATP. Where are the electron transfer chain enzymes located? How do the H^+ move? a. Photosynthesis b. Aerobic Respiration
- Select the correct answer. The ATP synthesized during glycolysis is generated by: A) substrate - level phosphorylation. B) electron transport. C) photophosphorylation.
- Which of the following descriptions of ATP synthase is not correct? (Select all that apply.) a. It is a membrane integral protein. b. It is found in the mitochondria. c. It is an active H+ transporter. d. It converts ADP to ATP. e. It utilizes NADH and FA
- During electron transport, how are protons (H+) used to produce ATP from ADP and P? Name the enzyme responsible for ATP production.
- As electrons move through the electron transport chain, energy is released. This energy is directly used to: A. break glucose into 2 pyruvates. B. regenerate ADP and Pi from ATP. C. pump protons across a membrane. D. break down water into oxygen and hydro
- is an enzyme that can utilize the free energy in the hydrogen gradient (voltage) produced between the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondrion. The enzyme uses this energy to produce. a. ATP synthase, ATP b. PFK, ATP c. PFK, glucose d. ATP synthase,
- What is the purpose of the electron transport chain? a. Donates electrons to decompose ATP into ADP b. Carries excited electrons through a series of proteins to build a proton gradient to power ATP synthase c. Holds together electrons to make the ATP e
- Which process is directly driven by light energy? 1) Creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane 2) Carbon fixation in the stroma 3) Reduction of NADP+ molecules 4) Removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 5) ATP synt
- The structure on the inner membrane of the mitochondrion that utilizes the H+ gradient generated by electron transport a) oxidative phosphorylation b) citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) c) pyruvate (essentially the same as pyru
- The pH gradient established by the electron transport chain: a. Exists between the matrix and the mitochondrial intermembrane space. b. Sets up a voltage gradient that drives GTP formation. c. Is established by electron transfer from FADH2 and NADPH from
- In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate to ATP? A. Energy released from the movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient. B. No energy is needed becaus
- During cellular respiration, NADH delivers its electron "cargo" to the first electron transport chain protein complex. a. is chemically converted into ATP. b. is the final electron acceptor. c. is irreversibly converted to NAD
- Which of the following cellular processes is coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP? a) Facilitated diffusion b) Active transport c) Chemiosmosis d) Osmosis e) Na+ influx into a nerve cell
- 1. Where is the electron transport chain located? 2. Where does the most substrate-level phosphorylation occur? 3. What membrane do protons cross in the synthesis of ATP?
- Explain how a proton gradient is formed and used to make ATP during aerobic metabolism. The inclusion of a discussion of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, including the role of oxygen, aids in the explanation of this process.
- Fill in the blank. Organisms can synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation when they _______.
- The energy released by glucose oxidation is captured on [{Blank}] and [{Blank}]. a) ATP, NADH b) NADH, proton gradient c) NAD^{+},ADP d) ATP, FADH_{2}
- A cell is treated with an ionophore which creates holes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. What is likely to occur? A. ATP synthase will slow or stop production of ATP. B. The electron transport chain will come to a halt. C. The electron tran
- The synthesis of ATP from ADP and P: A) Stores energy in a way that can boost cellular work. B) Transfer a phosphate and train the protein to perform work. C) It is an exergonic process. D) Release energy. E) Involves the hydrolysis of a phosphate bo
- A complex of pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane that is responsible for the light-capturing reactions. a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.) t
- In light dependent reactions, Do hydrogen ions move through ATP Synthase , or is ATP synthase just used for combining ADP and phosphate group.Explain in detail.
- Which process is directly driven by light energy? a. Creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane. b. Carbon fixation in the stroma. c. Reduction of NADP+ molecules. d. Removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules. e. ATP
- How do thylakoid membranes function as semipermeable membranes? Be sure to describe what molecule is transported and how that molecule is transported as well as what function the resulting concentration gradient plays in photosynthesis.
- During the light reactions: (a) What force is responsible for driving H+ into the thylakoid space? (b) What drives the H+ to leave the thylakoid space? (c) How is the creation of a concentration gradient related to the formation of ATP?
- Describe how ATP synthase uses the proton motive force to synthesize ATP. State where in the mitochondrion ATP synthesis occurs.
- NADH generated in the cytosol must be transported across the mitochondrial membrane in order to be oxidized by the electron transport chain. Which of the following shuttles or transporters can be used to facilitate the movement of cytosolic NADH into the
- Fill in the blank. A net of ______ molecules per glucose is produced by _____ phosphorylation.
- When ATP is generated in the ETS through diffusion of H^+ back into the mitochondrial matrix through a special type of ATPase, this is called: A. Chemiosmosis. B. Electron dehydrogenation. C. Hydrogen dehydrogenation. D. None of the above.
- Select the correct answer. The released energy obtained by oxidation of glucose is stored as: A. a concentration gradient across a membrane. B. ADP C. ATP D. NAD+
- The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the: a. mitochondria b. cytoplasm of the cell c. stroma of the chloroplast d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
- ATP is important to cells because it a. is assembled into long chains that make up the cell membranes. b. acts as an enzyme. c. transfers energy from an exergonic reaction to an endergonic reaction. d. accelerates diffusion. e. is a coenzyme.
- Describe how the proton gradient goes through ATP synthase and results in the production of ATP.
- Adenosine triphosphate is important in cells because: a. it transfers energy from exergonic reactions to ender b. it acts as an enzyme c. it accelerates diffusion d. it is assembled into long chains that make up cell membranes e. all of the above
- Describe how mitochondria use energetic electrons extracted from food molecules to make ATP. Be sure to include the following terms in your answer: NADH, electrons, inner mitochondrial membrane, proton (or H^+), and ATP synthase.
- According to the chemiosmotic model, how does the proton gradient provide energy to synthesize ATP?
- The citric acid cycle and electron transport/chemiosmosis occur in what part of the cell? a. Mitochondria b. Chloroplasts c. Thylakoid membranes d. Cytoplasm. e. Grana.
- ATP is a produced in the what and used how within the cell? 1. mitochondria; used as an energy molecule 2. endoplasmic reticulum; transport molecules 3. golgi apparatus; synthesizes carbohydrates chains 4. mitochondria; as a digestive enzyme 5. nucleus; t
- Which of the following pairings is/are correct? I. Oxidative Phosphorylation: is accomplished by the electron transport chain (ETC) II. ETC: consist of four enzyme complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane III. ETC: responsible for creating 3
- Which of the following options is correct? Oxidative phosphorylation has two major components: and. a. electron transport; osmosis b. proton transport; chemiosmosis c. electron transport; chemiosmosis d. electron transport; chemical reduction e. proton tr
- Summarize the processes that lead to the accumulation of protons within the thylakoid lumen.
- Summarize the processes that would lead to the accumulation of protons within the thylakoid lumen.
- Select the correct answer. The ultimate acceptor of the electron passed along the electron transport chain in photosystem I is: a. water b. sugar c. carbon dioxide d. NADP+
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