Explain what anaerobic digestion is. Give the simplified reaction for the anaerobic fermentation...
Question:
Explain what anaerobic digestion is. Give the simplified reaction for the anaerobic fermentation of a hypothetical substance {eq}\left \{ CH_2O \right \} {/eq}.
Anaerobic Digestion:
Anaerobic digestion would enable bacteria to convert organic matter to productive biofuel and biogas. This is an industrially important process during fermentation, energy production and waste management.
Answer and Explanation: 1
Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account
View this answerAnaerobic digestion is briefly described as follows:
- The micro-organisms break down several organic matters such as food wastes, wastewater...
See full answer below.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:

from
Chapter 17 / Lesson 17Learn about aerobic vs. anaerobic bacteria. Read about what organisms respire. Discover more about anaerobic environments, anaerobes, and anaerobic organisms.
Related to this Question
- In anaerobic glycolysis, what is pyruvate converted to? What are the other products?
- What are the products of anaerobic fermentation? a. lactic acid and ethanol b. acetyl CoA c. ATP d. glucose
- The one reaction that is found in both fermentation and aerobic cellular respiration is _______. (a) Calvin cycle (b) glycolysis (c) Krebs cycle.
- Consider a yeast cell that has formed pyruvate through the action of glycolysis. If this yeast is well supplied with oxygen, what will be the fate of this pyruvate? (a) It will be converted to lactate (b) It will be converted to ethanol (c) It will be
- Explain the process of Glycolysis.
- Anaerobic glycolysis occurs without: A) water B) glucose C) oxygen D) all of the above
- Sugars can be digested aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (e.g., by yeast). During aerobic digestion, sugars react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. During anaerobic digestion, sugars can be decomposed by enzymes to create carbon dioxi
- The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes releases only about 7% of the free energy released when glucose is completely oxidized to CO_2 and H_2O. Does this mean that anaerobic glycolysis i
- Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration in animal cells is true? a. Pyruvate is converted to alcohol in animal cells. b. It occurs in absence of oxygen. c. One of the enzymes involved is alcohol dehydrogenase. d. All of the above
- One of the steps in the gluconeogenesis pathway for synthesizing glucose in the body is the reaction of pyruvate with CO2 to yield oxaloacetate. Tell what kind of reaction is occurring, and suggest a mechanism.
- Which process converts glucose into pyruvate, ATP and NADH-reduced coenzymes? a. pentose phosphate pathway b. fermentation c. glycolysis d. The Cori cycle
- What reacts with NADH and FADH2 to form NAD+ and FAD? A. Carbon dioxide B. Water C. ATP D. Oxygen (and H+)
- Given the reaction glucose + Pi gives glucose-6-phosphate + H2O, which requires energy to proceed, how can we explain the fact that reaction 1 of glycolysis is spontaneous? Which of the following statements is correct: A) Reaction A is coupled by hexokina
- The complete oxidation of G6P derived from glucose yields 1 less ATP than G6P derived from glycogen. Explain why.
- What is a possible response to a drop in blood glucose concentration? (a) Anaerobic metabolism of sugars occurs instead of aerobic pathways. (b) The rate of the production of the enzymes necessary to produce glucose is increased. (c) Glycogenolysis is
- The metabolism of glucose in anaerobic conditions can produce (blank).
- 1. What is the product obtained through anaerobic fermentation of a carbohydrate? 2. When air enters the fermentation mixture, aerobic oxidation takes place. What is the END product? 3. amaretto liq
- Another step in gluconeogenesis is the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate by decarboxylation and phosphorylation. Tell what kind of reaction is occurring, and suggest a mechanism.
- Which metabolic process oxidizes NADH and FADH2? A. Electron transport chain B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. Citric acid cycle D. Hydrolysis
- Under anaerobic conditions in the human body, glycolysis occurs to produce pyruvate, which is then changed to: a. ATP. b. NAD+. c. carbon dioxide. d. lactate. e. ethanol.
- Within the concept of sugar fermentation in yeast, read the following questions and give explanations to all your answers. 1. Do yeast equally utilize all sugars? 2. Hypothesize why some sugars were not metabolized while other sugars were? 3. Why do yo
- Which of the following processes produce more ATP, assuming each one starts with 1 equivalent of substrate? More than one answer can be correct. \\ A. Glycolysis B. Citric acid cycle C. Urea cycle D. Fermentation E. Glycogenesis
- In total, how many ATP are generated in fermentation? What is fermentation?
- Which metabolic process converts ADP to ATP? A. Electron transport chain B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. Citric acid cycle D. Hydrolysis
- Glycolysis is an important chemical reaction that takes place in our own bodies to give us the energy we need. The first step can be described by the following chemical equations ATP^{4-} + H_2O \rightarrow ADP^{3-} + HPO_4^{2-} + H^{1+} C_6H_{12}O_6 + H
- Which of the following correctly describes aerobic respiration in animal cells? (a) It requires oxygen and produces lactic acid. (b) It requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water. (c) It converts carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. (d)
- Which of the following correctly describes aerobic respiration in animal cells? a) It requires oxygen and produces lactic acid. b) It requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water. c) It converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. d
- Read the following statement below and explain your answer: Enzymes that catalyze reactions in which a molecule is phosphorylated are usually called "kinases". Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose (a "hexose", because it is a 6-carbon suga
- Under normal aerobic conditions in mammalian cells, into what two compounds is the pyruvate generated in glycolysis converted? (Check all answers that apply) A) acetyl-CoA B) ATP C) carbon dioxide D)
- Explain the following enzyme and what type of reaction they catalyze: (a) Hexokinase (b) Phosphoglycerate mutase
- Briefly describe what insulin and glucagon do to glycolysis or gluconeogenesis.
- Which of the follow reactions occurring during times of excessive exercise/ muscle fatigue? More than one can be correct. \\ A. Glycolysis B. Citric acid cycle C. Fermentation D. Cori Cycle E. Aerobic Reactions F. Glycogenolysis
- State and explain the stages of glucose metabolism.
- As glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, where are the electrons from glucose stored? A. ATP B. NAD+ C. ADP D. NADH E. CO2
- Which of the following substances might be produced by beneficial fermentation bacteria to suppress spoilage microbes? a) water b) oil c) acid d) oxygen
- Define and illustrate the following terms clearly and concisely. (a) Solvolysis (b) Hydrolysis
- When you exercise, lactic acid, CH_3CH(OH)COOH, is produced as a product of metabolism. The lactic acid enters the bloodstream. Explain. How the buffer acts to neutralize the lactic acid?
- What is the ATP yield per glucose molecule in process of glycolysis plus the common metabolic pathway?
- Explain the following enzyme and what type of reaction they catalyze: (a) Glucose-6-phosphatase (b) Glycogen phosphorylase
- In glycolysis, the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is used to derive the phosphorylation of glucose: Glucose + ATP rightleftharpoons ADP + glucose - 6 - phosphate Delta G^{circ} = -17.7 kJ What is the K_c for this reaction at 296 K?
- What is the synthesis and degradation of small molecules (metabolic intermediates)?
- What is meant by the committed reaction in a metabolic pathway?
- Products of anaerobic respiration can include: a. oxygen and ATP b. glucose and ATP c. lactic acid and ethyl alcohol
- The byproducts of the oxidative phosphorylation are NAD+, FAD, (blank), and (blank).
- Explain how enzymes are controlled by covalent modification (phosphorylation) using glycogen phosphorylase as an example.
- The metabolic process that involves the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones is called: a. anabolism b. catabolism c. glycolysis d. fatty acid oxidation
- What is the role of the pyruvate to lactate reaction in keeping glycolysis operating? Why would glycolysis need to keep running?
- Determine the ATP yield of the following reaction: Glucose yields two pyruvate.
- Propose a plausible reaction mechanism for the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase.
- One simplification model for corn starch fermentation is to use Maltose (MW = 342 g/mol) as a model for the complex sugar broth. In this simplification, the total fermentation reaction can be treated as C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}(aq) + H_2O \to 4C_2H_5OH (aq) +
- What chemical events occur during the digestion of complex carbohydrates?
- There are more ATP produced in aerobic respiration than in fermentation. Is the statement true or false?
- How do organisms produce energy in living cells, and what is the name of the reaction that facilitates this process? If the initial concentrations of ATP, ADP, and PO4^3- in a cell are (2.0 x 10^-4 M), (6.7 x 10^3 M), and (3.4 x 10^2 M), respectively, wil
- Discuss three metabolic fates of each of the following. a. glucose-6-phosphate b. oxaloacetate c. pyruvate
- Explain the following enzyme and what type of reaction they catalyze: (a) Isocitrate dehydrogenase (b) Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (c) Lactase
- Many of our simple sugars and complex carbohydrates are made of glucose, galactose and fructose. In the body, these molecules are converted into energy via numerous pathways including cellular respiration. What are the final products of cellular respirati
- If the three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex existed as physically separate proteins rather than as a complex, what effect might this have on the rate of reactions catalyzed by these enzymes?
- Various monosaccharides are catabolized by converting them into glucose or an intermediate in glycolysis. Consider the metabolism of mannose. a. What type of reaction is required to get mannose into glycolysis? b. Propose an enzyme-catalyzed mechanism to
- Identify the two steps of glycolysis in which ATP is produced.
- Identify the steps in glycolysis in which ATP is produced.
- What is the yield of ATP from the complete aerobic catabolism for Pyruvate?
- Identify each of the following metabolic pathways as glycolysis, citric acid cycle or electron transport chain. 1. the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid 2. the series of reactions that converts acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide and water
- Why aren't the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways the exact reverse of each other?
- What is the efficiency of recovery, in the form of ATP, of the energy released by glycolysis under standard conditions?
- The lactic acid that builds up in tired muscles is formed from pyruvate. If the reaction occurs with the addition of hydrogen to the ''Re'' face of pyruvate, what is the stereochemistry of the product?
- 1) What type of reaction is the conversion of ATP to ADP + Pi? - Anabolic - Catabolic) 2) Is it exergonic or endergonic? 3) What type of reaction is the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?
- Explain in detail condensation reaction of lactose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and starch.
- What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic organisms? a. ATP b. NAD+ c. FAD d. oxygen e. carbon dioxide
- The process by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones for the body's use is called: a. glucogenesis. b. catabolism. c. metabolism. d. anabolism. e. gluconeogenesis.
- Describe the enzymatic digestion of either carbohydrates or proteins (Choose one). Identify the enzymes responsible, where they are produced and secreted, and what reactions they catalyze. What are the end products of these digestive processes?
- Calculate the number of ATP molecules obtained from the anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate.
- The process of converts glucose into. a) electron transport; CO2 b) glycolysis; pyruvate c) glycogenolysis; glycogen d) gluconeogenesis; glycogen e) glycogen synthesis; pyruvate
- What is the purpose of glycolysis? Write a balanced equation which describes the overall pathway.
- How is ATP used in the initial steps of glycolysis?
- What is the yield of ATP from the complete aerobic catabolism for Myristoleic acid?
- The metabolism of glucose in vertebrate systems requires a number of steps. Explain why it is possible to calculate the metabolic energy even though there is more than one step in the process.
- What effect do elevated concentrations of NADH and ATP have on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
- In the oxidative phosphorylation oxygen is reduced to (blank).
- Describe something other than enzymes that will catalyze the hydrolysis of starch.
- Explain using electron-pushing arguments why glycolysis must go through G6P to F6P step (C1 aldehyde to C1 ketone). Focus on the subsequent aldolase-catalysed reaction and explain why glucose
- The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose and produces glucose-6-phosphate; this is a thermodynamically unfavorable process, with delta G = +1 kJ/mol. n a liver cell at 37C, the concentration of both phosphate and glucose are norm
- Explain the terms exergonic and endergonic reactions. Give an example for each.
- How many ATP are obtained by substrate-level phosphorylation during a complete oxidation of a single glucose molecule (include Glycolysis, PDH reaction, and the Krebs' cycle, do NOT subtract "energy investment") a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6 e. 32
- What is the yield of ATP from the complete aerobic catabolism for Lactate?
- In glycolysis, the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is used to drive the phosphorylation of glucose: Glucose + ATP ↔ ADP+ glucose-6-phosphate ; Δ G = -17.7 kJ What is the value of Kc for this reaction at 298 K?
- Which of the following compounds inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a) acetyl CoA b) ADP c) GTP d) NAD+ e) FAD
- Calculate the number of ATP molecules obtained from the anaerobic conversion of sucrose to lactate.
- During anaerobic metabolism, pyruvic acid is converted to: a. lactic acid b. citric acid c. oxalic acid d. acetic acid e. nitric acid
- Synthesis of glucose from amino acids is called: A) Glycolysis. B) Glycogenesis. C) Gluconeogenesis. D) Hydrolysis.
- Glycolysis is the conversion of: a. glucose to pyruvate b. glucose to proteins c. pyruvate to glucose d. all of the above
- During a marathon run (26.2 mile) the body depends on aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis and on oxidation of fats for energy. However, energy derived from carbohydrates occurs faster and is done first. d) For most runners, a xWALL is hit at about 2/3 to 7
- Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life?
- Elaborate on the effects of enzymes in the body, especially on the Krebs cycle for metabolism.
- Describe the methods that cells used to transport glucose into cells, and briefly discuss the biochemical reaction that ensures that glucose remains within the cell.
- Answer true or false: Yeast ferments to produce lactic acid.
- Explain why FAD rather than NAD+ is used in the succinate dehydrogenase reaction.
- Explain the reactions catalyzed by the enzymes in the first two steps of fructose metabolism in the liver, including each of the following: a) the substrates acted on b) the enzyme catalysts c) the products generated
- Calculate the number of ATP molecules obtained from the anaerobic conversion of fructose to lactate.
- The 6th reaction in glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This step is pivotal in the pathway because: A. coupled with the following step, it captures some of the energy of substrate oxidation as ATP B. it repres
- The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate a) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix b) is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase c) is the conversion of pyruvate in most cells to acetyl CoA and CO2 d) occurs under aerobic conditions e) is a reaction that li