Cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria all use photosystems and electron...
Question:
Cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria all use photosystems and electron transport chains whey they carry out photosynthesis. From this you can conclude:
(a) Photosynthetic pathways are similar and arose independently.
(b) Photosynthetic pathways are very different and arose from a common ancestor.
(c) Photosynthetic pathways are identical and all bacteria are very closely related.
(d) Photosynthetic pathways are similar and arose from a common ancestor.
(e) Photosynthetic pathways are very different and arose independently.
Plants:
Once Earth was first formed 4.6 billion years ago, there was no sign of life anywhere on the planet. However, over time the planet began to be filled with life and organisms, including the first plants that appeared over 470 million years ago.
Answer and Explanation: 1
Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account
View this answerCyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and purple sulfur bacteria all use photosystems and electron transport chains when they carry out photosynthesis...
See full answer below.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:

from
Chapter 5 / Lesson 3Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food. Learn about photosynthesis and how it works, and discover the three ingredients that plants need to make their own food.
Related to this Question
- A pore or opening in the plants through which gas exchange occurs. a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.) thylakoids
- Organisms like plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria that use energy from sunlight to produce carbohydrates are called ____. Where is chlorophyll located? A. Thylakoid space B. Ribosome C. Thylakoid membrane D. Stroma
- Early in the history of life on earth, photosynthesis evolved in cells similar to modern cyanobacteria. O2 is produced as a byproduct of this process. Briefly explain how O2 is formed in photosynthesis.
- In the chloroplasts of green plants the photosynthetic electron transport chain does all of the following except: a. take place in the thylakoid b. establish a gradient by pumping protons into the thylakoid space c. produce O2 d. Use NADH as an electro
- Any organism that can synthesize organic compounds like glucose. a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.) thylakoids
- In photosynthetic cells, the synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during ________. (a) photosynthesis only. (b) respiration only. (c) both photosynthesis and respiration. (d) neither photosynthesis nor respiration. (e) photorespiration...
- Cyanobacteria can carry out photosynthesis, yet they do not contain chloroplasts. Where is chlorophyll found in these organisms?
- Any organism that must obtain carbon and energy from other organisms a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.) thylakoids
- In the evolution of photosynthesis, which process happened first? a. endosymbiosis b. mitochondrial membrane structure c. chloroplast membrane structure d. the acquisition of two photosystems by cyanobacteria
- The light reaction of photosynthesis is very similar to a. the electron transport chain. b. the TCA cycle. c. Beta-oxidation.
- A complex of pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane that is responsible for the light-capturing reactions. a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.) t
- The oxidized and reduced forms of the electron carrier used in photosynthesis a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.) thylakoids
- Which of the following processes produces hydrogen sulfide? (a) Anoxygenic photosynthesis (b) Oxygenic photosynthesis (c) Anaerobic respiration (d) Chemoautotrophs.
- Light dependent reactions _______. a. capture the energy of sunlight with chlorophyll in PS I & PS II b. make ATP & NADPH using electron transport chains c. energize electrons in both PSI & PSII d. include both cyclic and noncyclic pathways e. all of
- Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is NOT true? a. Without the input of light energy, photosynthesis is an endergonic process. b. The final step of the photosynthetic electron transport chain leads to the production of oxygen from wate
- Photosynthesizing plants rely on water to a) replace electrons that are excited by light energy and passed from molecule to molecule down an electron transport chain. b) replenish oxygen molecules that are lost during photosynthesis. c) provide the pro
- Some photosynthetic prokaryotes use H2S, hydrogen sulfide, instead of water as their photosynthetic hydrogen donor. How does this change the ultimate products of photosynthesis? a. Carbohydrate (CH2O) is not produced. b. H2O is not produced. c. O2 is not
- Some bacteria carry out a type of photosynthesis that uses H_2S in place of H_2O. Assuming that the process is otherwise similar to green plant photosynthesis, which of the following could represent the overall reaction?
- Photosynthesizing plants rely on water to: a) replace electrons that are excited by light energy and passed from molecule to molecule down an electron transport chain. b) replenish oxygen molecules that are lost during photosynthesis. c) provide the proto
- Photosynthesis is the process where energy is collected and ______ is released. (a) carbon dioxide (b) glucose (c) oxygen (d) chloroplast.
- The oxygen molecule in glucose formed during photosynthesis comes from: a. Water b. Organic acids c. CO_2 d. Atmospheric gases e. Oxygen produced in the chloroplasts.
- Carbon is returned to the atmosphere through: \\ photosynthesis in plants\\ decomposition of detritus by fungi\\ photosynthesis in marine algae \\ storage of carbohydrates in animals
- Purple bacteria produce organic compounds with light energy. This reaction takes place on the cell membrane, which is folded to increase surface area. No oxygen is produced, but sulfur is produced. Suggest the molecule that provides electrons to the proce
- Pigments found in chloroplasts that absorb light, typically appear green. a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.) thylakoids
- Which of the following refers to photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons? a. Oxygenic b. Anoxygenic c. Heterotrophic d. Phototrophic.
- During photosynthesis, electrons from the reaction center chlorophyll are transferred to the electron transport system. These electrons are replaced by the splitting of ______ molecules. a. glucose b. carbon dioxide c. water d. ATP
- An abundance of oxygen led to the evolution of A. photosynthetic eukaryotes. B. aerobic eukaryotes. C. anaerobic eukaryotes. D. photosynthetic prokaryotes. E. anaerobic prokaryotes.
- Examine the mechanisms by which energy is harvested by an organism through cellular respiration. Describe the two stages of photosynthesis. Categorize the energy flow and chemical recycling within an ecosystem by organisms that undergo cellular respiratio
- During photosynthesis, electrons from the reaction center chlorophyll are transferred to the electron transport system. These electrons are replaced by the splitting of molecules. a. carbon dioxide b. ATP c. water d. glucose
- Photosynthesis is the process where energy is collected and what is released? A. Carbon Dioxide B. Glucose C. Oxygen D. Chloroplast
- Light is absorbed by Photosystem I and used to energize electrons. To which of the following are these high energy electrons most directly passed? a) carbon dioxide b) NADP+ c) the electron transport chain d) Photosystem II e) RuBP.
- Oxygen is released in photosynthesis by: a. Photophosphorylation b. Photolysis of water c. Photorespiration d. Photons
- Although photosynthesis and mitochondrial metabolism appear to be opposite processes, they have many parallels. List two parallels/ similarities between these process. Also list two differences.
- True or false? Algae and cyanobacteria utilize generally the same two-photosystem biochemical mechanisms in the light reaction of photosynthesis.
- Evolution of ________ led to an accumulation of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. a. aerobic respiration b. lactate fermentation c. chemoautotrophs d. the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis
- Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are similar in that both require __________. A. Oxygen molecules B. Carbon dioxide molecules C. Energy-carrier molecules D. Glucose molecules
- Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration in terms of the organisms involved; the reactants; the type of energy process; and the organelles involved.
- Which of the following best describes the cyclic electron transport carried out by purple photosynthetic bacteria? A) Absorption of a photon by P960 leads to electron transport through a cytochrome bc_1 complex, then to a pool of quinones, and finally, t
- Very early in the Earth's history, there was no O_2, in the atmosphere. For this reason, a. The evolution of the ETC (electron transport chain) did not occur until after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis b. Fermentation could not occur c. Electr
- Compare the cellular processes of respiration and photosynthesis as opposite reactions. Consider that respiration releases energy for cellular use and photosynthesis uses light energy and water to capture carbon and release oxygen. Fossil fuel use is simi
- According to the heterotroph hypothesis, autotrophs were able to evolve because heterotrophs made conditions more favorable by: 1. producing chlorophyll for plants. 2. adding carbon dioxide to the environment. 3. storing energy in the bonds of inorganic c
- Cyanobacteria may have developed as a result of the transfer of genetic material: a bacterium carrying the genetic information for one photosystem received (from another bacterium) the genetic information for a second, distinct photosystem. What might be
- In chloroplasts, an electron being passed down the electron transport chain may have originated from: \\ a) photosystem I.\\b) photosystem II.\\c) NADPH.\\d) both a and b.\\e) a, b, and c
- In photosynthesis, the electrons move down the electron transport chain. Where do they come from?
- The molecules that hold the pigments that capture light energy used in photosynthesis are called. Photoreactors Photosystems Cytochrome Light system
- During the day, photosynthetic plants do both aerobic cell respiration to produce ATP and photosynthesis to produce biological molecules. At night, they only carry out cellular respiration. Why?
- A network of flattened sac-like structures inside a plant chloroplast. a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.) thylakoids
- The following compounds are produced by plants during the day and broken down at night, except _______. (a) rubisco (b) photosystem Il (c) ATP synthase (d) photosynthetic proteins (e) carbon dioxide.
- Thylakoids enable cyanobacteria to perform ________. (a) phagocytosis (b) photosynthesis (c) aerobic cellular respiration (d) protein synthesis.
- How did the first life on Earth obtain energy? a. photosynthesis in the presence of oxygen b. photosynthesis in the absence of oxygen c. heterotrophic consumption of organic molecules d. autotrophic consumption of organic molecules e. phototrophic consump
- In photosynthesis, plants use carbon from _______ to make sugar and other organic molecules. (a) water (b) carbon dioxide (c) chlorophyll (d) the sun (e) soil.
- Most photosynthesizing cells conduct non-cyclic photophosphorylation. However, green and purple sulfur bacteria conduct cyclic photophosphorylation. Explain the differences.
- Select the correct answer. The ultimate acceptor of the electron passed along the electron transport chain in photosystem I is: a. water b. sugar c. carbon dioxide d. NADP+
- For photosynthesis in green plants, the electron donor for the light-dependent reaction is _____. (a) carbon dioxide (b) oxygen (c) water (d) chlorophyll (e) RuBP.
- Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration form a cyclic relationship. Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and aerobic in term of their respective inputs and outputs?
- Fill in the blanks: Cyanobacteria are _____ because they use _____ as a source of energy, _____ as a carbon source, and _____ as a source of electrons and hydrogen.
- One way to explain how cellular respiration and photosynthesis relate to each other is to say that: a. plant cells use the oxygen produced by respiration for photosynthesis. b. the oxygen produced by photosynthesis, once released to the environment, is th
- A heterotroph: A. obtains its energy from sunlight, harnessed by pigments. B. obtains its energy by oxidizing organic molecules. C. makes organic molecules from carbon dioxide. D. obtains its energy by consuming exclusively autotrophs.
- The use of oxygen gas (O_2) in an exergonic pathway generating ATP is called _____. A. anaerobic respiration. B. photosynthesis. C. aerobic respiration. D. fermentation.
- What are the similarities in the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
- Reverse electron flow a. is a mechanism to "run an electron transport chain backward" to generate NADH+H^+ b. is a means of oxidizing NADH+H^+ to NAD and is limited to anoxygenic photosynthesis. c. can occur only in phototrophs. d. is a result of phot
- The set of reactions that used NADPH and ATP formed in the light-capturing reactions to drive into the fixation of CO 2 a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i
- Photon energy, captured by chlorophyll a, is transferred as chemical energy to _____. a) carbon dioxide b) glucose c) other chlorophyll d) carotenoids e) a series of hydrogen acceptors
- Metabolic pathways that require oxygen are referred to as: a. aerobic. b. anaerobic. c. photosynthetic. d. fermentative.
- Mitochondria are most likely descendants of ___________. a. methanogenic archaea b. aerobic bacteria c. cyanobacteria d. green algae
- Which molecule(s) regulate(s) photosynthesis by sensing the metabolic status of the chloroplast and regulating proton flow out of the thylakoid lumen? A: ATP synthase B: Antenna complex C: Chrolophyll B D: Carotenoids E: Chlorophyll A
- Where does photosynthesis occur in cyanobacteria?
- A class of accessory pigments, found in chloroplasts that absorb light, typically appear yellow, orange, or red. a.) autotrophs b.) Calvin Cycle c.) carotenoids d.) chlorophyll e.) heterotrophs f.) NADP+/NADPH g.) photons h.) photosystem i.) stomata j.)
- In photolysis, some of the energy captured by chlorophyll is used to split (a) CO2 (b) ATP (c) NADPH (d) H2O (e) both b and c
- The process of photosynthesis uses the sun's energy to produce a sugar called ______. 1. Lactose 2. Sucrose 3. Peptidoglycan 4. Glucose
- Photosynthesis occurs in the membranes of a plant cell. a) thylakoid b) nuclear c) golgi d) endoplasmic reticulum
- Carotenoids: a) are the stacks of thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast. b) are more abundant in leaves in the fall than either chlorophyll a or b. c) absorb red, orange, and yellow wavelengths of light. d) reflect blue-green and blue-violet wavelengths of
- An Abundance of 02 led to the evolution of which of the following? Photosynthetic eukaryotes Photosynthetic Prokaryotes Anaerobic prokaryotes Anaerobic eukaryotes Aerobic eukaryotes Explain.
- Explain what would happen if during photosynthesis H^+ was blocked from entering the thylakoid compartment as the electrons move along the first electron transfer chain.
- The appearance of _____ on Earth due to the action of photosynthetic bacteria occurred about 2.7 billion years ago. (a) water (b) oxygen (c) carbon dioxide (d) iron (e) ATP.
- Green plants make their own food through the process of: a. diffusion b. photosynthesis c. respiration
- Which of the following processes would be considered most recent in evolutionary terms? a. photosynthesis. b. oxygenic photosynthesis. c. fermentation. d. aerobic respiration. e. anaerobic respiration.
- Which of the following processes would be considered the most recent in evolutionary terms? a. photosynthesis b. oxygenic photosynthesis c. fermentation d. aerobic respiration e. anaerobic respiration
- According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria are most likely descendants of _____.
- How does the electron transport chain in cellular respiration differ from the electron transport chain in photosynthesis? a. In respiration water is formed from oxygen whereas in photosynthesis oxygen is formed from carbon dioxide. b. In respiration the e
- How does the electron transport chain in cellular respiration differ from the electron transport chain in photosynthesis? 1. In respiration, water is formed from oxygen whereas in photosynthesis oxygen is formed from carbon dioxide. 2. In respiration, the
- In plants, the final electron acceptor in noncyclic electron flow is (a) NADP+ (b) CO2 (c) H2O (d) O2 (e) G3P
- High energy electrons from Photosystem I are passed to which of the following to be passed out of the Photosystem? a) NADP Reductase b) ATP Synthase c) NADP+ d) P700 e) the Electron Transport Chain Cytochrome Complex.
- Cyanobacteria produce which of the following? A. Hydrogen sulfide gas B. Large quantities of ammonia C. Oxygen D. Sulfuric acid.
- How is photophosphorylation (not photosynthesis) similar and different than oxidative phosphorylation? Write a compare and contrast answer.
- In anaerobic bacteria, the source of carbon may be a molecule other than glucose and the final electron acceptor is some molecule other than O_2. Could a bacterium evolve to use the ethanol/nitrate pair instead of the glucose/O_2 pair as a source of metab
- Identify the protein that is NOT found in a photosystem. A. active transport channel B. carotenoids C. chlorophyll
- The function of the light reactions of photosynthesis is to oxidize ___ and reduce ___. a) water, NADH \\b) water, NAD+ \\c) water, NADP+ \\d) oxygen, NADP+
- In the mitochondrial electron transport chain, electrons flow energetically downhill from NADH to oxygen and reduce it to water. In the chloroplasts' electron transport chains, electrons that come from the splitting of water flow energetically downhill an
- Cellular respiration (a) is a process whereby sunlight is used to synthesize cell components with the release of energy (b) occurs in heterotrophs only (c) is carried on by both autotrophs and heterotrophs (d) causes chemical changes in DNA (e) occurs in
- Describe the process of photosynthesis, including the structure and function of photosystem 1, photosystem 2, cyclic electron transport, ATP synthesis and the Calvin Cycle.
- What might be the advantage to a cell if it assimilated a photosynthetic bacterium rather than digesting it? a) It could now live in an oxygen-free environment. b) It could now utilize hydrogen sulfide as an energy source. c) It could now use sunlight
- In photosynthesis, ATP is made by 1) chemiosmosis. 2) glycolysis. 3) the Krebs cycle. 4) the Calvin cycle. 5) the passing of electrons from photosystem.
- Oxygen production during photosynthesis is through A) Reaction in photosystem II (PSII) B) Reaction in photosystem I (PSI) C) ATP synthase D) NADP+ reductase
- In the chloroplast, ________ is converted into sugar by photosynthesis. (a) cellulose (b) oxygen (c) chlorophyll (d) carbon dioxide.
- Photosynthesis is: a. not dependent on chlorophyll. b. a process that produces glucose and oxygen. c. a process that produces water and carbon dioxide.
- All of the following occur in the light reactions of photosynthesis EXCEPT: A. Electrons from water are donated to an electron "hole" left behind after an electron is excited and transferred to an electron acceptor in Photosystem II. B. Light activates pi
- The molecule that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis is: a. oxygen. b. carbon dioxide. c. chlorophyll. d. glucose. e. sunlight.
- Carbon is transferred from seawater to the atmosphere through the process of: a. diffusion b. excretion c. photosynthesis d. respiration
- What are the similarities in the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis? What organelles are involved?