Cocaine primarily exerts its effects by {Blank}. \\ a. promoting the production of serotonin b....
Question:
Cocaine primarily exerts its effects by _____.
a. promoting the production of serotonin
b. mimicking endorphins
c. blocking the reuptake of dopamine
d. destroying GABA
Cocaine:
Cocaine can start working its potent mental effects within mere seconds. This would offer the user the next while, up to around an hour or so but depending on how the coke is taken, to feel better than average people.
Answer and Explanation:
Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account
View this answerSee full answer below.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:
Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library
Processing Coca to Cocaine & Crack
from
Chapter 4 / Lesson 5
56K
Cocaine is an addictive, illicit drug that runs rampant in the U.S., despite it being produced outside of the country. Learn how innocuous coca plants are processed in labs to create the powder and crack variants of this dangerous drug.
Related to this Question
- Cocaine triggers an increase in which neurotransmitter resulting in a drug ''high'' in the reward system of the brain? \\ a. serotonin b. acetylcholine c. dopamine d. GABA
- Cocaine blocks the: a) reuptake of dopamine. b) production of dopamine. c) reception of dopamine. d) enzyme which inhibits the production of dopamine.
- Cocaine and amphetamines increase the production of which neurotransmitters? a. GABA and endorphins. b. norepinephrine and dopamine. c. acetylcholine and endorphins. d. acetylcholine and GABA.
- Cocaine and amphetamines increase the production of which neurotransmitters? a. GABA and endorphins b. acetylcholine and endorphins c. norepinephrine and dopamine d. acetylcholine and GABA
- Cocaine produces its effects by: \\ a. increasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine b. decreasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine c. increasing levels of serotonin d. decreasing levels of acetylcholine
- Nicotine, heroin, and cocaine all elevate {Blank} levels. \\ a. endorphin b. serotonin c. dopamine d. GABA
- Cocaine increases which two chemical messengers? a. noradrenaline and dopamine b. acetylcholine and THC c. histamine and phosphine d. RNA and serotonin
- A cocaine user experiences a decline in mood or "crash" because when cocaine levels drop, the [{Blank}] a. receiving neurons absorb fewer neurotransmitters. b. sending neurons absorb fewer neurotransmitters. c. receiving neurons absorb more neurotransmi
- Cocaine's effects on the nervous system center around its ability to: a. decrease the amount of neurotransmitters available in the nervous system b. block reuptake of dopamine c. increase reuptake in the synapse d. decrease the sensitivity of receptor
- A cocaine user experiences a decline in mood or "crash" because when cocaine levels drop, the: a. receiving neurons absorb fewer neurotransmitters b. sending neurons absorb fewer neurotransmitters c. receiving neurons absorb more neurotransmitters d. send
- With cocaine use, the chemical messenger called noradrenaline is increased leading to brain arousal, while the "rush" of pleasure results from the increase in a. dopamine. b. acetylcholine. c. histamine. d. THC.
- Psilocybin's effects on the nervous system are due to its: a. excitatory influence on serotonin receptors b. inhibitory action on dopamine receptors c. similarity to cocaine with regard to chemical makeup d. binding to serotonin receptors
- Cocaine is regarded as particularly dangerous because it {Blank}. \\ a. reduces feelings of pain b. produces powerful and positive hallucinations c. depresses central nervous system functioning d. reaches the brain very quickly
- People who are addicted to cocaine are motivated to seek it because cocaine stimulates the: a. the neurotransmitter GABA b. neural pathways in the amygdala c. sensorimotor cortex d. nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental areas of the brain
- Methamphetamine's effects of enhanced mood, alertness, and energy is due to its ability to: a. block the receptor sites of dopamine b. mimic dopamine c. decrease the release of dopamine d. increase the release of dopamine
- Which of the following best describes how cocaine works in the brain? (a) Cocaine works by binding on receptor sites that normally reuptake dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, resulting in more of these substances in the synapse, producing a rush. (b
- Addictive drugs stimulate a brain region called the nucleus accumbens, which results in intensified feelings of pleasure due to the release of which neurotransmitter? a. acetylcholine b. melatonin c. norepinephrine d. dopamine
- In the brain, nicotine: a. stimulates the production of dopamine b. interferes with the reuptake of dopamine c. binds to serotonin receptors d. stimulates the production of receptors
- Which of the following drugs cause(s) more neurotransmitters to be released, which, in turn, increases the activity of the brain cells? a. Alcohol. b. Cocaine. c. Amphetamines. d. Nicotine.
- What drug not only blocks the reuptake of dopamine but also increases the release of dopamine? a. marijuana b. bath salts c. LSD d. MDMA
- Antianxiety medications most influence the activity of [{Blank}]. (a) GABA (b) endorphins (c) glutamate (d) dopamine
- The main mode of action of antipsychotic drugs is to a. enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine. b. reduce the effects of GABA. c. enhance the effects of GABA. d. reduce the effects of dopamine.
- The chemical structure of cocaine is similar to which neurotransmitter?
- Any drug molecule that occupies a neurotransmitter receptor site and blocks the neurotransmitter's effect in a(n): A. Glutamate B. Opiate C. Antagonist D. Agonist
- Zoloft works by slowing: a. the reuptake of dopamine b. the reuptake of norepinephrine c. the production of norepinephrine d. the reuptake of serotonin
- The main mode of action of the antidepressants is to a. enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine. b. reduce the effects of GABA. c. enhance the effects of GABA. d. reduce the effects of dopamine.
- Cocaine, amphetamine, and MDMA are all central nervous _____ that agonize dopamine neurotransmission.
- Jeff's drug addiction to cocaine occurred because cocaine overstimulated the reward system in his brain and disturbed the function of which neurotransmitter? \\ a. serotonin b. acetylcholine c. dopamine d. GABA
- Ecstasy causes brain cells to release extra amounts of \\ a. acetylcholine. b. serotonin. c. histamine. d. dopamine.
- Immunosuppression may occur when [{Blank}]. a. serotonin and dopamine are released into synapses b. corticosteroids and endorphins are released into the bloodstream c. glutamate and GABA are released into synapses d. oxytocin and other peptides are re
- Marijuana, LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin cause their effects by \\ a. slowing the removal of glutamate after it is released. b. depressing activity in the nervous system. c. simulating the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. d. affecting neurotransmitter
- The neurotransmitter [{Blank}] is found in the brain structure called the hippocampus. a. serotonin b. endorphins c. dopamine d. acetylcholine
- MDMA creates a euphoric rush and warmth by: a. causing the release of large amounts of endorphins b. causing the release of large amounts of serotonin and dopamine c. blocking the reuptake of endorphins d. blocking adenosine receptors
- Researchers are currently investigating the role that the neurotransmitter [{Blank}] plays in mediating leptin action in the brain. a. acetylcholine b. serotonin c. dopamine d. endorphin
- The neurotransmitter GABA has a(n): a. febrile effect b. excitatory effect c. vagariated effect d. inhibitory effect
- Hallucinogens affect which neurotransmitters in the brain? A. GABA B. Dopamine C. It varies
- The main mode of action of the anxiolytics is to a. enhance the effects of serotonin or dopamine. b. reduce the effects of GABA. c. enhance the effects of GABA. d. reduce the effects of dopamine.
- Addictive drugs increase dopamine activity in the medial forebrain bundle and the nucleus accumbens, which, in turn, gives rise to intensified feelings of pleasure due to which region of the cortex being stimulated? A. Parietal B. Temporal C. Frontal
- Prozac works by slowing A. the reuptake of dopamine. B. the reuptake of norepinephrine. C. the production of norepinephrine. D. the reuptake of serotonin.
- Many antipsychotic medications are believed to act by [{Blank}] a. blocking dopamine receptors. b. decreasing the production of serotonin. c. increasing the production of dopamine. d. increasing the use of adrenaline.
- Caffeine's characteristic effects are due to its: a. blocking adenosine receptors in the brain b. decreasing the production of norepinephrine in the dendrite c. interfering with the production of norepinephrine in the terminal button d. increasing reu
- Which of the following brain regions has cocaine been shown to markedly increase levels of dopamine? \\ A. substantia nigra B. nucleus accumbens C. frontal cortex D. globus pallidus
- Benzodiazepines work by increasing the effectiveness of A. dopamine. B. serotonin. C. GABA. D. norepinephrine.
- Phenothiazines, a group of drugs used to treat schizophrenia, block the action of the neurotransmitter [{Blank}]. a. dopamine b. acetylcholine c. endorphins d. norepinephrine
- Underactivity of all of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to depression, except .... a. acetylcholine. b. norepinephrine. c. dopamine. d. serotonin.
- PCP inhibits the neurotransmitter {Blank}, which is involved in the perception of pain, responses to the environment, and memory. a. dopamine b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. glutamate
- Paxil works by slowing: a. the reuptake of dopamine b. the reuptake of norepinephrine c. the production of norepinephrine d. the reuptake of serotonin
- _____ have a quieting effect on the brain and are _____ of the neurotransmitter GABA.
- LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) produces its effects by: \\ a. increasing levels of dopamine in the central nervous system b. mimicking the action of serotonin c. decreasing levels of acetylcholine in the peripheral nervous system d. increasing endor
- Psychoactive drugs influence the activity of the brain by causing more of which of the following substances to be released or by prolonging or by mimicking these substances' actions? A. Neurotransmitters B. Charged positrons C. Sodium ions D. Potassiu
- Does addiction ruin dopamine receptors?
- Many of the mind-altering drugs affect the brain by a. absorbing neural impulses. b. imitating, duplicating, or canceling the effects of neurotransmitters. c. changing the sodium balance in the synapse. d. duplicating the effect of potassium in the nuclei
- Chlorpromazine blocks the use of dopamine in the brain; this means it is a dopamine: a. agonist b. antagonist c. generator d. antigenerator
- Commonly abused drugs, such as cocaine, amphetamine, heroin, nicotine, marijuana, and alcohol, activate pleasure pathways within the _____ system. a. endocrine b. reticular activating c. somatosensory d. limbic
- Nicotine influences brain activity by mimicking neurotransmitters. Which of the following drugs influence brain activity in a similar way? a. Alcohol. b. Cocaine. c. Ecstasy. d. Opiates.
- A drug that increases the effects of a neurotransmitter is called a(n): a) Antagonist. b) Catalyst. c) Agonist. d) Neural modifier.
- Alcohol is a(n) [{Blank}]. a. stimulant, because it causes a feeling of well-being b. hallucinogen, because it distorts reality c. depressant, because it slows down nervous system activity d. opiate, because it reduces feelings of pain
- Through the stimulation of which brain region do addictive drugs cause the neurotransmitter dopamine to be released, resulting in intensified feelings of pleasure? a. pons b. nucleus accumbens c. lateral reticular formation d. pineal gland
- Morphine and codeine are two examples of drugs that exert their effects by ____. a. Blocking reuptake of neurotransmitters b. Mimicking the properties of neurotransmitters c. Destroying neurotransmitters d. Increasing production of neurotransmitters
- Conventional antipsychotic medications reduce the action of [{Blank}] in the brain. (a) dopamine (b) serotonin (c) norepinephrine (d) GABA
- Amphetamines produce their effects by: \\ a. decreasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine b. increasing levels of serotonin c. decreasing levels of acetylcholine d. increasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine
- A person may be prescribed Valium in order to ____ activity. a. increase dopamine. b. increase GABA. c. decrease serotonin. d. decrease glutamate.
- Amina has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has prescribed medication that will most likely influence the action of the neurotransmitter [{Blank}] in her brain. (a) endorphin (b) acetylcholine (c) dopamine (d) GABA
- Fill in the blank. Depression and mania have been linked to neurotransmitters called ________, which include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
- Addictive drugs do all of the following EXCEPT a. cause the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to be released, resulting in intensified feelings of fear and paranoia. b. fool brain-reward pathways creating a compulsion to repeat the drug experience. c. stimul
- Which neurotransmitter has been most associated with the mechanisms of addiction? a) Dopamine b) Serotonin c) Acetylcholine d) Norepinephrine
- Which of the following neurotransmitters causes a major inhibitory effect in the central nervous system? \\ a. glutamate b. acetylcholine c. GABA d. dopamine
- Caffeine stimulates the brain: a. by causing more neurotransmitters to be released. b. through the mimicry of specific neurotransmitters in the brain. c. by blocking chemicals that normally inhibit or slow nerve activity. d. by prolonging the action of ce
- When amphetamines bind to dopamine receptors, a G-protein gets released. This tells us that dopamine receptors are: a. ionotropic b. intracellular c. excitatory d. metabotropic
- The part of the brain typically damaged after one uses the drug Ecstasy (also called MDMA) is involved in the production of which of the following? a. dopamine b. serotonin c. GABA d. acetylcholine
- Drugs that increase central nervous system activity and enhance neural transmission are called: \\ a. depressants b. hallucinogens c. stimulants d. opiates
- Nearly all addictive drugs \\ a. increase the activity in all the brain cells. b. prolong the action of transmitter chemicals. c. stimulate the brain's reward circuitry. d. mimic natural neurotransmitters.
- Nicotine stimulates the discharge of the hormone [{Blank}] and the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and [{Blank}]. a. adrenaline; acetylcholine b. serotonin; adrenaline c. testosterone; acetylcholine d. adrenaline; serotonin
- The paralyzing effect of curare is caused by its ability to a. block the action of acetylcholine at neuron-muscle synapses. b. create an imbalance in the sodium content in the dendrite. c. produce an overproduction of acetylcholine in the neural soma. d.
- Over time, _______release to a rewarding stimulus ceases; this can be called ______. a) Oxytocin; love b) Opioids; tolerance c) Dopamine; habituation d) Serotonin; depression
- Prozac inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. When you take Prozac, the effect of this drug will be to ____. a. reduce the action of serotonin in the brain b. increase the time serotonin spends in the synapses of the brain c. prevent the
- Phenothiazines, a group of drugs used to treat schizophrenia, block the action of the neurotransmitter a. dopamine. b. endorphins. c. acetylcholine. d. norepinephrine.
- Chlorpromazine is a dopamine antagonist. This means it: a. blocks the use of dopamine in the brain. b. enhances the use of dopamine in the brain. c. prevents the re-uptake of dopamine in the brain. d. speeds-up the production of dopamine in the brain.
- A drug that antagonizes dopamine receptors is most likely to fall into which drug class? a) Sedative-hypnotics and anti-anxiety agents. b) Antipsychotics. c) Mood stabilizers and antidepressants. d) Psychotropics. e) None of the above.
- Many antipsychotic medications are believed to act by a. blocking dopamine receptors. b. decreasing the production of serotonin. c. increasing the production of dopamine. d. increasing the use of adrenaline.
- Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of ________ in the brain. (a) dopamine (b) acetylcholine (c) serotonin or noradrenaline (d) norepinephrine.
- Cocaine is an example of: \\ a. a stimulant b. a depressant c. a barbiturate d. a hallucinogen
- Administration of a drug that prevents the movement of Ca^{++} ions across the neural membrane into the cell is likely to [{Blank}] a. increase neurotransmitter release. b. decrease the strength of the action potential. c. decrease neurotransmitter rel
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) works by: a. some yet-to-be-determined action b. blocking the reuptake of serotonin c. decreasing utilization of dopamine d. modulating norepinephrine activity
- Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of \rule{1in}{.2mm} in the brain. A. dopamine B. acetylcholine C. serotonin or noradrenaline D. norepinephrine
- The body is capable of producing its own opiate-like chemicals in the form of: a. endorphins b. dopamine c. thoraxine d. adrenaline
- The main difference between cocaine and amphetamines is that cocaine a. is a depressant. b. is a shorter-acting drug. c. is not associated with binging. d. produces more permanent brain damage.
- Although MDMA increases the activity of several neurotransmitters in the brain, it is the ____ pathway that has received the most attention. a. dopamine b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. GABA
- Stimulants are drugs that: a. increase central nervous system activity and enhance neural transmission b. slow the ongoing activity of the central nervous system c. produce fractured perceptions d. bind to endorphin receptors and alleviate pain
- A key function of monoamine oxidase is to: a) convert norepinephrine into epinephrine. b) convert dopamine into norepinephrine. c) provide the precursor for the catecholamines. d) degrade catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms.
- Caffeine is an antagonist and therefore it is an example of a drug that: a. makes it more difficult for neurotransmitters to be deactivated b. degrades the neurotransmitter found in the synapse c. increases the action of a neurotransmitter d. inhibits the
- According to the dopamine theory of schizophrenia, all of the following are true except that there is a. an overproduction of dopamine. b. an overuse of dopamine. c. increased amounts of dopamine at the synapses. d. a genetic predisposition for schizophre
- The effects of amphetamines are similar to the effects of cocaine, but are {Blank}. \\ a. more rapid and more intense b. shorter lasting and more energizing c. less rapid and more depressing d. less intense and longer lasting
- Which of the following is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter? a. glutamate b. serotonin c. dopamine d. GABA
- Which of the following reflects an agonist drug action? A. Increase neurotransmitter precursor availability B. Increase binding of a neurotransmitter to an autoreceptor C. Increase reuptake D. Increase enzyme breakdown of neurotransmitters
- Which of the following is a powerful central nervous stimulant that produces feelings of alertness, euphoria, well-being, power, boundless energy, and pleasure and goes by the street names of "snow," "blow," and "snuff"? a. GHB b. LSD c. cocaine d. heroin
- The ____ are a group of drugs that reduce the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine and are used to reduce schizophrenic symptoms. a. bioamines. b. catecholamines. c. monoamines. d. phenothiazines.
- Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in mania? a. substance P b. serotonin c. endorphins d. glutamate
- Biological research has suggested that being romantically attracted to another person is most associated with [{Blank}]. (a) increases in serotonin (b) decreases in GABA (c) increases in dopamine (d) decreases in acetylcholine
- Most drugs of abuse are dopamine agonists. What does this mean happens to the dopamine activity within the brain of a person who ingests the drug?
Explore our homework questions and answers library
Browse
by subject