(a) Describe the role of the NMDA receptor. (b) What are the physical changes that occur in the...
Question:
(a) Describe the role of the NMDA receptor.
(b) What are the physical changes that occur in the synapses of the hippocampus theorized to be related to long term potentiation (LTP)?
NMDA Receptors:
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors refer to one category of neurotransmitter receptors within the nervous systems of animals. Numerous substances, including alcohol as well as some illicit drugs, work on NMDA.
Answer and Explanation:
Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account
View this answer(a) The NMDA receptor receives glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter. These receptors are also sensitive to electrical conditions, such that they...
See full answer below.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:
Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library
Epilepsy: Causes, Types, and Treatments
from
Chapter 5 / Lesson 7
7K
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the brain and is commonly characterized by recurring seizures. Learn about the definition, causes, and types of epilepsy, explore the clinical signs, symptoms, and diagnostics of this disorder, and understand how it could be treated.
Related to this Question
- Explain the role of and the changes that take place in the neurons and neurotransmitters within a specified medical condition (e.g. Parkinson s, Depression or Schizophrenia).
- Explain the role of the brainstem reticular formation in consciousness and arousal.
- What changes at the synapse underlie long-term potentiation? Select all that apply: a. A decreased number of receptors b. An increase in transporters c. An increased number of receptors d. An increased release of neurotransmitter
- Describe at least 3 neurotransmitters and their main functions in the brain.
- What are the major functions of the neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine. What physiological or psychological functions have been ascribed to the neurotransmitter? Is it inhibitory, excitatory, or both? Which other neurotransmitters are similar to the neurotr
- Which of the following correctly describes the role of the thalamus?
- Identify three different types of neurotransmitters and describe their typical effects in the brain.
- a) Describe what is meant by long-term potentiation (LTP) in the brain. b) Name five of the chemical substances in the brain that affect memory. What will be an ideal response?
- In the brain, most excitatory communication in synapses occurs by way of glutamate, and most inhibitory communication occurs by way of gamma-aminobutyric acid. In general terms, describe what the other neurotransmitters do.
- Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that participates in movement, autonomic function, learning, and memory with a deficiency in this neurotransmitter playing a role in Alzheimer's disease? a. Norepinephrine. b. Acetylcholine. c. Sero
- Identify and explain the functions and role of the nervous system including the Central Nervous System (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Use diagrams / images to support explanations.
- Describe three key cue types that migrating neurons and axons use to find their way into the developing nervous system.
- Explain the entire process of neurotransmission, from a neurotransmitter arriving at a neuron to neurotransmitters being released.
- Explain the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating the involuntary background operating system functions of the body.
- Long term potentiation has been shown to occur: A. in the hippocampus, but not in other brain areas. B. only when the presynaptic neuron is stimulated. C. in all brain areas, except for the hippocampus. D. when the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are
- Which neurotransmitter has recently become a focus of research because it may play a role in schizophrenia? a. endorphin b. respirine c. norepinephrine d. glutamate
- Describe the following structures involved in the nervous system: Brain Spinal cord Neurons Peripheral
- Suppose you take a drug that causes neurons in your brain to stop firing. What effects with the drug have? a. excitatory b. stimulating c. inhibitory d. stabilizing
- Describe the features of key structures of the neuron (axon, dendrite, cell body, terminal buttons, neurotransmitter, synapse, and myelin sheath) and describe the function of each. Be sure to describe the electrical and chemical aspects of the message tra
- Define the following terms: a. Synapse. b. Neurotransmitter.
- Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an excitatory role in stimulating the neurons involved in learning new information? A. Dopamine B. Acetylcholine C. Epinephrine
- How do neurotransmitters communicate with postsynaptic neurons? a. Like a key fitting into a lock, they bind with corresponding receptor sites on dendrites of the neuron. b. Like water over a dam, they build up until they flood into the next neuron thro
- Describe neurochemical and brain changes central to dementia. Discuss dietary factors that may be related to dementia. With these things in mind, recommend strategies for preventing dementia.
- Describe the structure of a neuron and explain the function of each of its major parts.
- Hallucinogens affect which neurotransmitters in the brain? A. GABA B. Dopamine C. It varies
- Which neurotransmitter tends to influence brain activity in areas that control emotions and sensory information and may explain some of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia? a. acetylcholine b. glutamate c. melatonin d. schizotoxin
- Fill in the blank(s) with the correct word. Tricyclics are used to alter ......................... by primarily acting on levels of norepinephrine in the brain.
- List some common neurotransmitters and describe their effect on behavior.
- Discuss two neurological/psychological disorders that have been linked to neurotransmitters. For each disorder: a) Describe the symptoms. b) Discuss what researchers have learned about the role of neurotransmitters in the disorder. What will be an ideal r
- Describe the neurotransmitters used by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
- Describe the major responses of the body to stimulation by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
- How do glial cells affect neurotransmitters?
- Describe an action potential from the moment dendrites receive a signal until the neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap.
- Describe the brain structures and anatomical pathways that make up the extrapyramidal and pyramidal motor systems. What are the main functions of these two systems? What regions in the cerebral cortex are known to be involved in the movement? How do these
- Which of the following neurotransmitters causes a major inhibitory effect in the central nervous system? \\ a. glutamate b. acetylcholine c. GABA d. dopamine
- Reuptake describes the ____. a. recycling and returning of neurotransmitters to the presynaptic neuron b. movement of ions back outside the axon after the action potential has been fired c. process of neurons stretching and then retracting as they communi
- Describe the physiological effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Which of the following best describes how cocaine works in the brain? (a) Cocaine works by binding on receptor sites that normally reuptake dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, resulting in more of these substances in the synapse, producing a rush. (b
- List the common neurotransmitters of the brain, along with their functions.
- Which of the following parts of the brain acts as a sort of "switching station" between short-term and long-term memory and aids in the formation of new memories? a. Hypothalamus b. Corpus callosum c. Pons d. Hippocampus
- Describe what drug seeking behavior is and how this affects the brain reward pathway.
- Researchers are currently investigating the role that the neurotransmitter [{Blank}] plays in mediating leptin action in the brain. a. acetylcholine b. serotonin c. dopamine d. endorphin
- What are the brain functions involved in memory? Recognize the roles of the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum in memory.
- State the functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and explain their relationship to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
- Describe how one neuron communicates with another neuron in the brain.
- A key function of monoamine oxidase is to: a) convert norepinephrine into epinephrine. b) convert dopamine into norepinephrine. c) provide the precursor for the catecholamines. d) degrade catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms.
- How do the functions of the thalamus and the reticular formation differ?
- Any drug molecule that occupies a neurotransmitter receptor site and blocks the neurotransmitter's effect in a(n): A. Glutamate B. Opiate C. Antagonist D. Agonist
- Which of the following is not true? a. Neurons that transmit and respond to the same neurotransmitters operate as pathways responsible for specific functions. b. Neurotransmitters will not be involved in more than one function of the nervous system. c.
- Psilocybin's effects on the nervous system are due to its: a. excitatory influence on serotonin receptors b. inhibitory action on dopamine receptors c. similarity to cocaine with regard to chemical makeup d. binding to serotonin receptors
- In the ANS, the axons of the sympathetic motor neurons extend from the spine and the synapse in what?
- All the major biological explanations related to drug abuse assume that these substances exert their effects by altering _____ and _____ activity. A) central nervous system B) brain chemistry C) liver D) endocrine E) A and B only
- What neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists would you design to treat obesity? Consider drugs that could act on the neurons of the brain, as well as drugs that could act on the peripheral nervous system.
- Which neurotransmitter has been most associated with the mechanisms of addiction? a) Dopamine b) Serotonin c) Acetylcholine d) Norepinephrine
- Name three primary monoamines and describe how reuptake inhibition can increase their impact at the synaptic level.
- Consider any drugs (i.e., foreign substances introduced to the body) that affect levels of the neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine in the brain or elsewhere in the body.
- What are neurotransmitters, their general functions in the body and their impact on behavior?
- Describe how each organ is affected by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
- Describe the opposing roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- The chemical messengers released into the junctions between neurons are called a) hormones. b) neurotransmitters. c) synapses. d) genes.
- Suppose you take a drug that indirectly causes potassium (K+) to leave your postsynaptic neurons. What effect would the drug have? a. Excitatory b. Inhibitory c. Hallucinogenic d. Sedative
- Which of the following is primarily an inhibitory neurotransmitter? a. acetylcholine b. norepinephrine c. glutamate d. GABA
- The neurotransmitter [{Blank}] is found in the brain structure called the hippocampus. a. serotonin b. endorphins c. dopamine d. acetylcholine
- Briefly describe the following components of memory and what their main function(s) are. a. Sensory store b. Short term/working memory c. Long term memory
- Because acetylcholine is implicated in memory, we would expect it to be prevalent in the a. cerebellum. b. amygdala. c. hippocampus. d. medulla.
- Because acetylcholine is implicated in memory, we would expect it to be prevalent in the a. cerebellum. b. hippocampus. c. amygdala. d. medulla.
- What is the role of the terminal buttons? a. To transport neurotransmitters across the neuron b. To create neurotransmitters c. To transmit the action potential to the next neuron d. To store and release neurotransmitters
- Describe two possible mechanisms of neural compensation for the agenesis of the corpus callosum.
- List and describe the functions of four major organisms of the brain and nervous system that are relevant to personality.
- What roles do afferent neurons, interneurons, and efferent neurons play in a reflex? What will be an ideal response?
- Explain the structure and function of a typical neuron.
- Why are neurotransmitters necessary for neurotransmission? a. Because the action potential is too short to send information between neurons. b. Because neurons have spaces between them. c. Because neurons are fused together. d. Because neurotransmitters a
- How do neurons communicate? Describe how a neural impulse travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron. In your description, be sure to include the parts of a neuron and what happens at the synapse. What will be an ideal response?
- Suppose you have a neurological problem that could be fixed by increasing the likelihood that your neurons will fire action potentials. Your doctor may prescribe a drug that has what type of effect? a. impulsive b. binding c. excitatory d. inhibitory
- What is the difference between the forebrain and the limbic system? Does the limbic system include the forebrain as well, or is it the way around?
- Differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems include cell locations, neurotransmitters, and functions.
- Describe how each organ is affected by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Adrenal Medulla Bladder Blood Vessels
- Physical changes in nerve cells or brain activity that take place when memories are stored are referred to as a. memory traces. b. biodata. c. morphemes. d. cross-stimulation.
- Identify the four lobes of the cerebral cortex, and describe at least one function associated with each.
- Neurotransmitters bind to which of the following located on dendrites and cell bodies? a. synaptic vesicles b. neurilemmas c. receptor sites d. myelin sheaths
- Psychoactive drugs influence the activity of the brain by causing more of which of the following substances to be released or by prolonging or by mimicking these substances' actions? A. Neurotransmitters B. Charged positrons C. Sodium ions D. Potassiu
- Describe the functions and limitations of neural plasticity when recovering from brain trauma.
- People, who take the hallucinogenic drug PCP have symptoms that closely mimic schizophrenia because PCP affects which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain? a. glutamate b. histamine c. acetylcholine d. schizotoxin
- The structure in the brain that plays the biggest role in physiological motivation is the ____. a. hippocampus b. hypothalamus c. amygdala d. thalamus
- Six neurotransmitters are listed below. Describe the functions of these neurotransmitters, whether the neurotransmitter is an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter, and what effect(s) would occur from having a deficiency and/or excess of each chemical
- Fill in the blank(s) with correct word. \\ Brain chemicals, such as enkephalins and endorphins, which regulate the activity of neurons are called {Blank}.
- Explain the differences in functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- What brain structure is involved in the formation of myelin? a. neurons b. glia cells c. dendrites d. synapses
- Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved with learning and memory with an excess of this neurotransmitter leading to neuron death and autism and a deficiency leading to tiredness? \\ a. glutamate b. acetylcholine c. GAB
- Discuss the role of the autonomic nervous system during exercise.
- Most psychoactive drugs taken by humans primarily affect the ____. a. movement of ions across the membrane of the axon b. activity of neurotransmitters in the synapse c. development of myelin around the axon d. creation or death of neurons in the brain
Explore our homework questions and answers library
Browse
by subject