A cost imposed on people other than the consumers of a good or service is a a. price floor. b....
Question:
A cost imposed on people other than the consumers of a good or service is a
a. price floor.
b. negative externality.
c. positive externality.
d. price ceiling.
Costs:
Costs refer to the monetary value incurred by a business when delivering services and producing goods in society. Moreover, various products in the economy have different costs depending on the value they bring to the consumers. Costs play an essential role by aiding the producers in determining the prices of products.
Answer and Explanation: 1
Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Create your account
View this answerThe correct answer is B) negative externality. An externality refers to the benefits or the costs that the third party incurs in the market due to...
See full answer below.
Ask a question
Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions.
Ask a question Ask a questionSearch Answers
Learn more about this topic:

from
Chapter 7 / Lesson 20Learn what a positive externality is and why such an externality arises. Learn from positive externality graphs of production and consumption externalities.
Related to this Question
- A cost imposed on people other than the consumers of a good or service is a: a. price floor b. positive externality c. price ceiling d. negative externality
- A cost imposed on people other than the consumers of a good or service is called: a. a price floor b. a negative externality c. a positive externality d. a price ceiling
- Given the prices of good X and Y, the (negative of the) slope of the budget constraint (i.e., -PX/PY) measures: a) the amount of good Y the consumer is willing to forgo in order to consume one more unit of good X. b) the ratio of the consumer's income to
- If a negative externality exists, then the unregulated market will do what to the good/service; if a positive externality exists then the unregulated market will do what to the good/service? a) Underproduce; Overproduce b) Overproduce; Underproduce c) Ove
- A consumer with an income of $240 is spending it all on 12 units of good X and 18 units of good Y. The price of X is $5 and the price of Y is $10. The marginal utility of the last X is 20 and the marginal utility of the last Y is $30. What should the cons
- If the price of a good falls, then in the new consumer equilibrium: a. the marginal utility from consuming the good will be higher than before. b. the quantity of the good consumed decreases. c. the marginal utility from substitutes will be lower than bef
- An externality is: A. a benefit realized by the purchaser of a good or service. B. a benefit or cost experienced by someone who is not a producer or consumer of a good or service. C. a cost paid for by the producer of a good or service. D. anything that i
- An externality a. enhances market efficiency. b. is a private cost or benefit that results from the production or consumption of a good or service that is external to a market. c. is a benefit or cost that affects someone who is not directly involved in t
- When a competitive equilibrium is achieved in a market: A. all individuals are better off than they would be if a price ceiling or price floor were imposed by government. B. economic surplus equals the deadweight loss. C. the total benefits to consumers
- If a consumer's budget constraint has a slope that is less than -1: a) the consumer gets more utility from good X than from good Y. b) the price of good X is less than the price of good Y. c) the consumer gets less utility from good X than from good Y. d)
- If a consumer's marginal rate of substitution is greater than the relative price of the goods, the consumer is a. perhaps at his or her best affordable point. b. at his or her best affordable point.
- If the marginal utility of good A is 15 and its price is $3, and the marginal utility of good B is 12 and its price is $4, then the consumer: a. has achieved a consumer optimum. b. should increase his or her consumption of good A. c. should increase his o
- Given the prices of good X and Y, the (negative of the) slope of the budget constraint (i.e., - PX/PY) measures a. the amount of good Y the consumer is willing to forgo in order to consume one more un
- The slope of an indifference curve shows: a) The change in utility from an additional unit of the good. b) The rate at which the consumer is able to substitute one good in the market. c) Is equal to the price ratio at all points. d) Is the rate at which t
- If the price of a good decreases, the marginal utility per dollar spent does what, and consumers buy how much of the good? a. increases;more b. increases;less c. decreases;more d. remains the same;less
- An externality is: a. a benefit realized by the purchaser of a good or service. b. a cost paid for by the producer of a good or service. c. a benefit or cost experienced by someone who is not a producer or consumer of a good or service. d. anything that i
- Because the marginal utility [{Blank}] with each additional unit consumed, the price of the good must [{Blank}] in order for consumers to buy more of the good. This explains why the demand curve is [{Blank}]. a) Decreases; rise; positively-sloped, b) Inc
- A utility-maximizing consumer would never purchase a good if the a. MU/P were positive. b. marginal utility were positive. c. marginal utility were negative. d. None of the above answers are correct.
- A consumer has an income of $300. Good X costs $10 per unit and good Y costs $20 per unit. Suppose the price of good X increases to $15 per unit and the price of good Y decreases to $15 per unit. Which of the following statement is true? A. The slope of
- If the price of a good starts out above the equilibrium price, then: (check all that apply) a. Consumers will lose welfare due to lower consumption b. Consumers will compete to bid the price down c. S
- Recognition by a rational consumer that the benefits of consumption are accessible without paying for them. A. Negative Externality B. Externality C. Free-Ridership D. Marginal Social Cost
- The price of good X is $1.50 and that of good Y is $1. If a particular consumer's marginal utility for Y is 30, and he is currently maximizing his total utility, then what must be his marginal utility of X?
- The price of good A is $1, the price of good B is $2. The marginal utility you get from good A is 40; the marginal utility you get from good B is 60. You should: a. Keep consuming equal amounts of both goods. b. Consume more of good A and less of good B
- A shift in the consumer's demand for a good X cannot result from a change in the: A) price of a substitute for good X. B) price of X. C) consumer's taste. D) consumer's income.
- a. What is an externality? b. Distinguish between positive and negative externalities. c. Give examples of negative and positive externalities other than those stated below. cost-negative externality ex. pollution benefit-positive externality ex. weath
- The marginal utility of good A is 4 utils, and its price is $2. The marginal utility of good B is 6 utils, and its price is $1. Is the individual consumer maximizing (total) utility if she spends a total of $3 by buying one unit of each good? If not, how
- If the marginal utilities from two goods are not equal, then the consumer A) cannot be in equilibrium. B) should increase consumption of the good with the lower marginal utility. C) should decrease consumption of the good with the lower marginal utilit
- Air pollution is an example of a: a. negative externality b. positive externality c. adverse externality d. none of the above
- A change in the price of one good leads to all of the following except one. Which is the exception? a. A change in the slope of the budget line b. A new point of consumer utility maximization c. A cha
- A utility-maximizing consumer will: a. consume more of a good only if its price rises b. stop consuming any good whose price rises c. consume each good until its marginal utility is zero d. consum
- At every point on a demand curve, the height of the demand curve indicates: A. the marginal benefit of the good to the consumer. B. the minimum price the consumer is willing to pay for the good. C. the consumer's utility level. D. the total benefit of the
- There are two consumers A and B, and two consumption goods. The prices of goods are p_1 = 2 and p_2 = 1, and each consumer has income m = 60. There is positive consumption externality: the more consum
- If a consumer places a value of $15 on a particular good and the price of the good is $17, then the: a. consumer has a consumer surplus of $2 if he or she buys the good. b. consumer does not purchase the good. c. market is not a competitive market. d. pri
- A consumer's willingness to pay reflects A) the maximum price at which he or she would buy the good or service. B) the minimum price at which he or she would buy the good or service. C) the cost of producing the good or service. D) the equilibrium pri
- Rational consumers will continue to consume two goods until a. the marginal utility per dollar's worth of the two goods is same. b. the marginal utility is the same for each good. c. the prices of the two goods are equal. d. the prices of the two good
- The marginal utility of good A is 4 utils and its price is $2. The marginal utility of good B is 6 utils and its price is $1. Is the individual consumer maximizing (total) utility if she spends a total of $3 by buying one unit of each good? If not, how ca
- Given that the utility function for an individual is: and Income 72, the price of good one 4, and the price of good two 4, and the new price of good one = 77, What is the change in consumer surplus fo
- Suppose that the marginal utility of good A is 4 times the marginal utility of good B, but the price of good A is only 2 times the price of good B. Is this point consumer equilibrium? If not, what will occur?
- Give an example of an externality (positive or negative) that you have experienced and a benefit from a public good.
- A good is nonexcludable if: a)The quantity of the good is affected by the price a consumer pays for the good. b)Consumption of the good by one person decreases the ability of other people to consume t
- Assuming no externalities exist, if a good's price is less than its marginal cost, then the benefits consumers derive are: a. greater than the cost of resources needed to produce it and less should be produced. b. greater than the cost of resources needed
- What effect is working when the price of a good falls and consumers tend to buy it instead of other goods? a) The income effect. b) The diminishing marginal utility effect. c) The substitution effect. d) The ceteris paribus effect.
- Suppose the marginal utility of good A is 4 utils, and its price is $2. The marginal utility of good B is 6 utils, and its price is $1. Is the individual consumer maximizing (total) utility if she spends a total of $3 by buying one unit of each good? If n
- Pollution is an example of a: a. negative externality. b. public good. c. positive externality. d. private cost.
- In microeconomics the term utility references the: i. Relative scarcity of good service. ii. Usefulness of a good or service. iii. Satisfaction is derived from the consumption of a good or service. iv. Slope of a consumer's demand curve for a good servic
- Assume the marginal utility of good A is 4 utils and its price is $2 and that the marginal utility of good B is 6 utils and its price is $1. Complete the sentences to describe how the consumer should maximize her utility. The individual consumer [{Blank
- The substitution effect of a price decrease for a good with a normal indifference curve pattern: Select correct option: a) Is always inversely related to the price change. b) Measures the change in consumption of the good that is due to the consumer's fee
- A price decrease and an increase in income are similar in that: a. Both force the consumer to achieve a lower level of well-being. b. Both force the consumer to reach a lower indifference curve. c. Both move the budget line outward. d. They are not simila
- At an optimal allocation of goods: one consumer will have a higher marginal rate of substitution than the other. the consumers will have equal marginal rates of substitution. the MRS of one consumer i
- A rational consumer will never purchase a product when its: a. marginal utility is decreasing. b. total utility is decreasing. c. marginal utility is slightly positive. d. marginal utility is negative.
- Rational consumers will continue to consume two goods until a. the marginal utility per dollar s worth of the two goods is the same. b. the marginal utility is the same for each good. c. the prices of the two goods are equal. d. the prices of the two good
- If the price of good X rises, then the resulting decrease in the consumer's quantity demanded will the consumer's total utility from consuming X and the consumer's marginal utility from that last unit of X consumed.
- Suppose that the marginal utility of Good X = 100, the price of X is $10 per unit, and the price of Y is $5. Assuming that the consumer is in equilibrium and is consuming both X and Y, what must the marginal utility of Y be?
- At any point on an indifference curve, the slope of the curve measures the consumer's: a) income. b) willingness to trade one good for the other. c) perception of the two goods as substitutes or complements. d) elasticity of demand.
- For a consumer to maximize utility from a given income,: a) the marginal utility from each good must be maximized. b) the total utility from each good must be maximized. c) the marginal utilities of all goods and services consumed must be equal. d) the ma
- Pollution is a prime example of a: A. Positive spillover B. Positive externality C. Opportunity cost D. Negative externality
- Assume that the marginal utility from good x is 10 units and the price of good x is $5 per unit. The marginal utility from good y is 15 units and its unit price is $7. In this situation, a utility-maximizing consumer should: a. consume more of good x. b.
- Consider a consumer who consumes only two goods, x and y. His utility over these two goods is given by U (x, y) = x + y. The budget constraint of the consumer is given by 3x + 6y = 300, where 3 is the price of good x, 6 is the price of good y, and 300 is
- Which of the following is an example of market failure? A. negative externality B. positive externality C. public goods D. all of these
- A private good is a good or service for which exclusion: a) cannot be applied and for which marginal cost of an additional user is zero. b) cannot be applied and for which marginal cost of an additional user is positive. c) is possible and for which ma
- When the consumption of a good generates positive externalities, _____. a. the private demand curve for the good shifts rightward b. the private demand curve for the good shifts leftward c. the private demand curve for the good lies below the marginal
- Imagine that two goods make you happy: Good A and good B. The marginal utility of good A is 10 at a price of $2 per unit and the marginal utility of good B is 5 at a price of $1 per unit. To satisfy the optimal consumption rule, you would want twice as ma
- A consumer might respond to a negative incentive because it could be a chance to: a. purchase a very popular item. b. avoid additional charges. c. buy a good at a cheap price. d. take advantage of a sale.
- A negative externality occurs when: a. The production of a good harms third parties, b. The production of a good helps third parties, c. A buyer is sold inferior and damaged merchandise, d. The consumption of a good helps third parties.
- Suppose that marginal utility of Good X = 100, the price of X is $10 per unit, and the price of Y is $5 per unit. Assuming that the consumer's in equilibrium and is consuming both X and Y, what must the marginal utility of Y be?
- Suppose that marginal utility of Good X = 100, the price of X is $10 per unit, and the price of Y is $5 per unit. Assuming that the consumer is in equilibrium and is consuming both X and Y, what must the marginal utility of Y be?
- A consumer consumes only two goods X and Y. Marginal utilities of X and Y are 5 and 4, respectively. The prices of X and Y are Rs. 4 per unit and Rs. 5 per unit respectively. Is the consumer in equilibrium?
- What is an externality? Give an example of a positive externality and an example of a negative externality. What is the difference between private costs and social costs? From an economic perspective,
- What makes an externality positive rather than negative? A. The externality benefits third parties rather than harming them. B. The deadweight loss is greater than zero, not less. C. The socially optimal quantity exchanged is less, not greater, than at ma
- Consumer surplus is: A. The ratio of the price of a good to the proportion of income spent on the good B. The difference between the most a consumer would be willing to pay for a quantity of a good and what a consumer actually has to pay C. The sum of qua
- (a) What is an externality? (b) Give an example of a positive externality and a negative externality.
- With the presence of a positive externality, which of the following would correct the externality? A. A government subsidy. B. A government tax. C. A higher price. D. A lower level of output. E. A government-created task force.
- Good X is an inferior good. A rise in consumer income when the supply curve for Good X is positively sloped will cause which one of the following? A. The demand for Good X to fall and the price of Good X to fall. B. The demand for Good X to fall and the p
- When someone outside a transaction receives a benefit, this is called: 1) a negative externality 2) a public good 3) a positive externality 4) a free rider effect
- When the price of a good falls, consumers buy more of the good because it is cheaper relative to competing goods. Which of the following does this statement describe? a. Consumer equilibrium effect b. Price effect c. Income effect d. Substitution effe
- The consumer surplus is A. the difference between the willingness to pay for the good and the price for each quantity. B. the profit that the consumer can make by reselling the good. C. the efficiency loss due to the monopoly of power. D. None of the ans
- If the price of a good decrease, then purchasers only gain the consumer surplus on the new units of the good. Is that true? And why?
- Suppose that a consumer is currently spending all of her income on 10 units of good A and 5 units of good B. The price of good A is $4 per unit, the price of good B is $10 per unit, the marginal utility of the last unit of good A consumed is 20, and the m
- A consumer's utility function is U(x; y) = (x + 2)(y + 1). The prices are p_x = $8; p_y = $2. The consumer consumes both goods. If his consumptions of good x is 14 units, what is his consumption of good y? Why?
- The effect is the change in the consumption of a good that would result if the consumer remained on the original indifference curve after the price of the good changes.
- The marginal rate of substitution of X for Y is 3, the price of X is $4, and the price of Y is $2. a. The consumer is willing to give up units of Y to obtain another X. The consumer is willing to give up units of X to obtain another Y.
- Consider the marginal benefits (MB) of 3 consumers of the public good sprockets (G): MB_1=50-G MB_2=110-G MB_3=150-G The marginal cost of G is $190 a. What is the optimal level of the provision
- If a consumer buys a good, the expected: A. total utility derived from the consumption of the good is less than its price B. marginal utility of per dollar spent on the good equals its price C. mar
- Economics: Is it possible for a product to be both a positive and negative externality?
- If an increase in consumer income causes a decrease in the demand for some good, then that good is considered: (a) A dangerous good. (b) An expensive good. (c) An inferior good. (d) A normal good.
- If there are negative externalities due to a business transaction, do libertarians believe the government should step in to ensure that someone pays the cost of the externality?
- As an individual consumes more of a given good, the marginal utility of that good to consumer a. rises at an increasing rate. b. rises at a decreasing rate. c. falls. d. rises.
- As an individual consumes more of a given good, the marginal utility of that good to the consumer a. rises at an increasing rate. b. rises at a decreasing rate. c. falls. d. rises.
- What is another name for the difference between the price that consumers are willing to pay for a good and a lower price that they may actually have to pay? a) profit. b) revenue. c) consumer utility. d) consumer surplus.
- Give an example of a negative externality and an example of a positive externality.
- When comparing positive and negative externalities, which of the following are true? A. With both positive and negative externalities, the market outcome leads to overproduction. B. With positive externalities, the market outcome leads to overproduction,
- Goods X and Y are substitutes for consumers and substitutes in production. The price of a resource used to produce good X falls. The equilibrium quantity of good Y will _____ and the equilibrium price of good Y will ____. A) remain the same; rise B) dec
- The difference between the value of a good and its price is: A) excess demand. B) excess supply. C) producer surplus. D) consumer surplus marginal utility.
- Suppose the weighted marginal utility for two goods, X and Y at a position of consumer equilibrium is 70. if the price of good X is R 10 and the relevant marginal utility for Y is 140, what is the price of good Y and the relevant marginal utility for good
- Given an example of each of the following: a) A positive externality in consumption, b) A negative externality in consumption, c) A positive externality in production, d) A negative externality in production.
- An effective price ceiling causes a loss of a) both consumer and producer's surplus. b) producer's surplus only. c) neither producer nor consumer surplus. d) None of the above.
- Demerit goods represent a type of market failure because A. their consumption results in positive externalities. B. their production results in negative production externalities. C. they are over-consumed in a free market. D. they are under-consumed when
- If utility-maximizing consumers face identical prices, they will have identical ________. (a) marginal utilities for each good (b) the ratio of marginal utilities for each good (c) preferences (d) ratios of total utilities for each good (e) total utilitie
- In the case of a positive externality, market price is (blank), output is (blank), and the government should impose a (blank) to rectify the situation. (a) too low; too high; tax. (b) too high; too low; subsidy. (c) too high; too high; tax. (d) too low; t
- Give an example of a positive externality and an example of a negative externality.